662 PROGRESS OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ART. 
enduring, and if Mignon thought we discarded all horses 
that were round in the body, he is mistaken, and he is 
equally in error if he thinks we shall believe depth of chest 
as any other but a mark of excellent conformation. Tall 
men have a larger chest capacity than short, though their 
chests and lungs differ not in size. This depends on relative 
mobility. This is no proof that the first will endure most, 
and that the second are more likely to become corpulent. 
The whole of the points referring to conformation must be 
studied in determining the enduring or fattening qualities of 
any animal. 
The round-bodied Swiss or French horse, will never have 
the chest capacity or power of endurance of the English 
racehorse, whom we view as possessed of the condition of 
tall, well-made men. Though we speak of a compact race- 
horse, it is true he will have a short back, but combined 
with length and depth of body to ensure what the horse- 
men would call room enough for his lungs and other vital 
organs to have fair play. 
Analyses of urine . — Professor Fraas has made numerous 
observations and experiments on this subject that have led 
him to draw the following conclusions. Just after feeding, 
the horse’s urine contains a moderate amount of sediment, 
vrhich increases with exercise ; it consists of bicarbonate of 
lime and a moderate quantity of magnesia. The ropy nature 
of the horse’s urine does not proceed from the mucus it 
contains. Oxalate of lime is rarely met w 7 ith in fresh urine, 
but frequently when it is old, or in a morbid state, or decom- 
posing. Horse’s urine that had been kept six months w 7 as 
jelly-like, and contained many crystals of oxalate of lime. 
The re-action of horse’s urine is strongly alkaline, and the 
quantity of sediment varies from 0*9 to 1*8, and even 2*0 per 
cent. The strong alkalinity is due, according to Fraas, to 
cellulose, w 7 hich in its newly-formed condition is fit for 
digestion by the herbivora. 
The urine of cows is clear, but that of the working ox is not 
so; it contains so much hippuric acid which may be imme- 
diately precipitated by hydrochloric acid, and thus rendered 
tolerably clear ; with five fluid ounces of hydrochloric acid, 
one pound of hippuric acid may be obtained, at the limited 
cost of three-pence. 
In horses afflicted with Bright’s disease of the kidney, said 
by Fraas to be very common, about six per cent, of albumen 
occurs in the urine, mostly in the shape of globules ; the urine 
is then coloured red, and contains iron ; there is about three 
and a half per cent, of urea, and the hippuric acid is wanting. 
