308 THE PATHOLOGICAL HISTORY OF GLANDERS. 
between the horse and the human subject; but this has been 
proved to a demonstration.” For confirmation of this, Professor 
Hasse adduces the following facts : — “ First, that the disease has 
only been known to assail individuals previously in contact with 
glandered horses; secondly, that the organic changes resemble 
those of genuine glanders in the horse in every respect; and, thirdly, 
that direct experiments shew, that solidungulous animals may be 
inoculated with glanders by means of fluid taken from the parts 
so diseased in the human subject.” 
With these general facts we most fully and perfectly concur ; for 
it has happened in our own experience to observe glanders in the 
human subject produced by direct inoculation from the horse, 
and followed by similar pathological changes in the Schneiderian 
membrane, and in that of the cranio-facial cavities, that were ob- 
served in the same structures of the animal whence the virus had 
been obtained. We have not seen, however, the converse expe- 
riment of inoculating from man to the lower animals ; but of the 
fact, by analogy, there can be no doubt. 
Professor Hasse then gives an excellent bibliography of the 
papers already known on this strange disease in reference to man, 
from that of Schilling, in 1821, until those of Rayer, in 1837, 
though he does not mention that the “ father of medicine had ob- 
served it in Cos in his time.” 
In reference to the tissues primarily affected, “ Glanders,” says 
he, “ has its principal seat, both in man and in the horse, on the 
one hand in the nostrils and adjacent cavities, from whence it 
descends into the larynx, and even to the more distant respiratory 
organs, and, on the other hand, on the various parts of the cutis. 
The affection of the Schneiderian membrane sets in early, between 
the fourth and eleventh day, judging from the dribbling at the 
nostrils. The eruption on the skin does not break out before the 
twelfth day of the disease. 
“ In every case, the Schneiderian membrane is more or less ex- 
tensively swollen, inflamed, and destroyed by (chancry) ulceration 
or sloughing, so that the cartilage and bones become exposed. 
Adjacent to the mucous membrane there is serous or purulent in- 
filtration, and occasionally bloody ecchymosis. Now and then it 
is the seat of various kinds of eruptions, assuming the form either 
of lentil-sized pustules, grouped together on a swollen and red 
inflamed ground, and containing a yellowish mass, resembling 
boiled white of egg, intermingled with pus-globules, or of numerous 
scattered vesicles filled with pus; or, again, of a congeries of little 
tuberculate bodies, varying in size from that of a pin’s head to that 
of a lentil. The same appearances are traced into the frontal 
sinuses, into the cells of the ethmoid bone, and into the maxillary 
