THE PATHOLOGICAL HISTORY OF GLANDERS. 
309 
and sphenoid sinuses. The entire surface of the mucous membrane 
secretes a thin ichorous fluid, or becomes covered with a tenacious 
discoloured mucus, beneath which it is rough, as if eroded. 
Sometimes the mischief stops short at the upper apertures of the 
nostrils. For the most part, however, it advances beyond, pro- 
ducing analogous pathological appearances on the arch of the 
palate, the tonsils, sometimes on the tongue, and at the other parts 
of the mouth, at the entrance of the Eustachian tubes, and in the 
pharynx. In almost all cases, the epiglottis and its vicinity, as 
well as the upper portion of the larynx, and sometimes the trachea, 
are affected. The larynx exhibits the same alterations as the 
nostrils, viz. inflammatory redness, ulceration, and pustular deve- 
lopment. In the trachea these are restricted to separate patches 
of inflammation, to the formation of small vesicles, and to a layer 
of tenacious puriform mucus. 
“ In many instances the lungs are sound, while at other times 
they are unusually loaded with blood, or affected with lobular 
or diffuse inflammation ; or they present, subjacent to the 
pleura, superficial abscesses or ecchymoses. The mucous mem- 
brane of the bronchial tubes has, generally, a florid appearance. 
“ The mucous membrane is prone in this disease to various forms 
of eruptions, resembling varicella, ecthyma, or small furuncles. 
Two distinct forms are cognizable, the one, pustular, being the 
most constant; the other vesicular, present, if not in all, at least in 
the majority of cases. The pustules come out upon the anterior 
surface of the body, especially on the face — next in frequency on 
the chest and extremities. They attain the size of a split-pea and 
upwards, and occur either singly or in groups, upon an indurated 
base, surrounded by a dirty yellow, livid, or dark red areola. At 
first, they contain merely a plastic, yellowish- white substance, not 
only deposited beneath the epidermis, but also imbedded, as it 
were, in an opening in the corium. As the disease advances, the 
contents of these pustules soften and become transformed into pus, 
which perforates the summit of the pustules, and dries into a scab 
on exposure to the air. Underneath this scab suppuration generally 
goes on, until an ulcer is produced. These pustules by no means 
break out simultaneously or equably, but are found scattered in 
every stage of development. The vesicular predominates in 
situations where the external skin is disposed in folds or 
wrinkles, but at a later period in other localities. The vesicles 
are of various sizes ; some attain fully the diameter of a half- 
crown piece : their circumference is livid, or almost black ; they 
contain a serous, dingy-red, or thin puriform fluid. They soon burst, 
or are rubbed off, and leave a gangrenous, copiously secreting 
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