VETERINARY OBSTETRICY. 
491 
mencing there ; and as the mare, after some violent efforts, ejected 
her urine to a considerable distance, I saw very plainly what was 
really the case — that it was, in fact, the bladder which I saw hanging 
out of the vulva. I examined it anew, and found that it had been 
torn at its fundus in attempts at being returned. He had used all 
his strength, the mare all the while struggling violently. The 
owner wished me to do all I could. In order to calm her pains, I 
took away eight or nine pounds of blood, and placed her on re- 
stricted diet. At the end of three days, the bladder was swollen 
and black, and the thighs excoriated by continual running of the 
urine. On the fourth day I consulted M. Diguet, veterinary 
surgeon at the depot of Pin, and we resolved to pass a ligature 
round the bladder, below the orifice of the ureters, the people con- 
senting to tighten the ligature daily. On the following day I was 
informed that the mare was worse, having shewn colicky pains. 
On examination, I found that the ligature had slipped upwards 
more than an inch, and had closed the orifice of the ureters, and 
that it was the distention of the vessels with urine that had caused 
the supposed colic. The bladder was of a pyramidal form, with 
the point uppermost, and it was difficult to keep the ligature in its 
place. I replaced the ligature, however, and fastened it to two 
pieces of wood, which passed through the bladder, lower down. 
Every day I tightened the ligature, until the whole mass became 
loosened, and which, weighing nearly six pounds, stinking almost 
insupportably, and now hanging by a small pedicle only, I cut away 
without haemorrhage. The remaining part retreated immediately 
as far as the meatus urinarius, the lips of the vulva closed, and 
nothing more was to be seen. The urine continued to run from the 
ureters down the thighs. The method adopted to prevent the 
urine running down the thighs will be found mentioned when 
speaking of the treatment of these cases. 
The next is a successful case, by M. F. Devaux {see The VE- 
TERINARIAN, vol. x, p. 638), of re-inverting it: — On the 21st of 
April, 1820, I was desired to see a carriage mare that had aborted 
fifteen days previously. A tumour from nine to ten inches in dia- 
meter protruded from the vulva. The proprietor told me, that, on 
presenting her to the horse in order to be covered, the stallion was 
unable to introduce the penis into the vagina; that, on opening the 
labia, in order to ascertain the cause, he observed towards the in- 
ferior commissure, a tumour about the size of his fist, and that it 
gradually increased in size, and appeared largest when the mare 
was endeavouring to stale. She was often straining for this pur- 
pose, and the water ran from her in small quantities. 
This tumour was of an oblong form, and occupied the inferior 
part of the vulva : it diminished very much towards its base, where 
