VETERINARY SCHOOL AT ALFORT. 
569 
11. The eruption of glanders may take place in the nasal cavities 
and in the lungs — on the surface of the skin — in the subcutaneous 
cellular tissue — in the testicular region — and in the articulations of 
the limbs : whatever be the part affected by the disease at its in- 
vasion, it is always identical in its nature. 
12. The nasal eruption is not always present at the commence- 
ment of the disease ; but, in general, it is not tardy in making its 
appearance in the course of the successive phases through which 
the disease passes, which proves the identity of nasal glanders 
with such affections as break out in other parts of the body subse- 
quently to the incubative fever. 
13. The most pathognomonical symptom of glanders is the nasal 
chancre. It has a diagnostic value as great and as infallible as 
the syphilitic chancre. 
14. The chancrous eruption in acute glanders is multiplied and 
confluent, a circumstance which rarely permits us to entertain a 
doubt relative to the nature of this affection, from the very moment 
of its development ; it is often, however, diffuse in chronic glanders. 
15. The projecting edge of the fold of the superior wing of the 
nostril seems to be the spot especially selected for the chancre of 
chronic glanders. When met with in this region at the same 
time with discharge, it may be affirmed with certainty that the 
sinuses of the head on the corresponding side are full of pus*. 
16. The ulcer of chronic glanders is always preceded by the de- 
velopment of a pustule, which is usually very small, scarcely bigger 
than the head of a pin, yellow and transparent in the centre, and 
surrounded by a circle of vivid red. At the commencement it is 
often met with in the folds of the superior wing of the nostril. 
17. The manifold erosions of the epithelium on the surface of 
the nasal partition, resembling the tracks of a maggot, are a sign 
of very long standing, and an advanced stage of chronic glanders. 
18. The induration, flattening, and adherence of the sub-lingual 
glandular tumours, are a sign of long-standing glanders. It is, 
however, wrong to assert that glanders commences when the glands 
present these characteristics : it has already existed for a consider- 
able period, even when there is neither discharge nor ulceration. 
19. The discharge of acute and chronic glanders frequently 
exists on both sides ; this is, however, more commonly the case in 
* This symptom of glanders, so well known and recognised by the veteri- 
nary surgeons of former times, has been but too much neglected latterly : 
this should not be. I have so much confidence in it, that I have often, in 
the presence of my pupils, caused horses brought to me for examination under 
suspicion to be slaughtered on the faith of it, affirming to their owners that 
glanders existed, and that the head was full of pus ; and I have never found 
myself mistaken . 
