VETERINARY SCHOOL AT ALFORT, 573 
glanders make its appearance on the nasal membrane in the course 
of the traumatic irritation. 
31. Both acute and chronic glanders are subject to relapses. 
Such is a summary of the observations we have been enabled to 
make this year in the hospital on glanders and farcy, with an 
abstract of the doctrines and opinions these observations have 
engendered in our minds. 
B. Pneumonia. — 'The Horse. (Besume of the facts collected 
this year.) 
1. The most common cause of pneumonia is the action of cold 
on the skin while in a state of perspiration. 
Hard runs or gallops will produce it; 
It is frequently consequent on a sudden or too rapid cessation of 
some eruption or external secretion ; 
It is not unfrequently complicated with the eruption of strangles; 
It sometimes develops itself during the eruption of acute 
glanders ; 
Lastly, it is frequently seen to appear without our being able 
to discover any cause to which we can rationally assign it. 
2. Acute pneumonia is one of the most destructive diseases to 
which the horse is liable. The external as well as internal symp- 
toms by which it manifests itself are almost invariable. 
Primary external symptoms . — A tottering and automaton-like 
gait — great prostration — the head hung down — insensibility to all 
external agents — standing in the stall at the very end of the halter 
— the number of respirations increased, varying from eighteen to 
twenty at the minimum, and from fifty to sixty, and even seventy, 
in extreme and desperate cases. Expirations now and then plain- 
tive, and becoming accelerated as the disease increases, mani- 
fested in the walk and in the different movements and alterations 
of position in the body when imperceptible during quiescence. 
Cough rather frequent — deep — hollow, convulsing the whole frame, 
and evidently painful. Pulse hard and rebounding, or else small 
and weak, and even imperceptible from the beginning, notwith- 
standing the strong constitution of the patient and the recent in- 
vasion of the disease. The conjunctival membrane highly injected, 
and red, with a yellowish saffron tinge. Discharge from one nos- 
tril or the other, and frequently from both simultaneously, of a 
yellow fluid mixed with streaks of blood, which dries into brownish 
crusts around the orifices of the nose. A loathing of all solid food, 
and a craving after fluids. Almost invariably standing — uneasy 
decubitus for a few moments — preference to lying upon the diseased 
side. 
VOL. xix. 4 i 
