658 
MISCELLANEA. 
was taken out with a view to try the question, whether the cus- 
tomary manner of bringing calves to market occasioned that amount 
of torture which brought the dealer within the operation of the act. 
Mr. Thomas, the secretary, was in attendance on behalf of the 
society, and Mr. Duncombe attended for the defendant. 
Mr. Allen, barrister, of the Temple, said he saw the defendant 
and another person driving a cart westward, at a quick pace, with 
calves in it. Three of the calves, with their legs tied, were 
placed in the cart with their heads hanging down, so as to cause 
great torture to the animals. Witness pointed out the state of 
suffering to which the calves were obliged to submit, in consequence 
of the cruel way in which they were carried, and was abused by 
the defendants for his pains. 
Cross-examined. — Had said to one of the defendants, on receiving 
insolence from him, that he would wish for nothing better than to 
punish their brutality by taking them one after the other, and giving 
each a sound thrashing. Was certain that the calves sustained great 
torture in consequence of the way in which they were carried in 
the cart. The cries and motions of the animals indicated the state 
of suffering in which they were. Was aware that the way in 
which the calves were carried was the customary mode of bring- 
ing them to market, but was satisfied this was a very cruel method 
of carrying them. 
Mr. Duncombe expressed his surprise that the society should 
have brought such a case forward, after the question had over and 
over again been settled against them by the city magistrates. The 
society had formerly so far interfered as to provide a calf-cart for 
the Buckinghamshire graziers ; but this cart was found to inflict so 
much real torture that it was abandoned. Every thing was done 
to convey calves with humanity, and no way existed, but the way 
adopted by the defendant, to bring them properly to market, it 
was preposterous to suppose that parties would wantonly torture 
and injure their own property. There was no way to bring calves to 
market with advantage except by tying their legs and allowing 
their heads to hang out of the cart. A calf when first taken from 
its mother, if placed at the bottom of the cart, would knock its eyes 
out, or do itself some serious injury; it was, therefore, necessary 
to hang its head out of the cart. If placed on its legs in the cart, 
it would be knocked down and trampled to death. He would 
prove by witnesses, that the most merciful way to carry calves 
was to tie their legs and place them in the cart with their heads 
hanging down. 
Henry Gates had brought calves to market for thirty or forty 
years. If calves were not carried with their heads hanging down, 
they would injure themselves. Never knew any harm to come to 
