REVIEW — REPORT OF THE FARMING OF CORNWALL. 227 
each, at three years old. These were introduced as the fashion 
prevailed for better appointed horse-teams, and the working of 
horses instead of oxen. 
“ Rearing of Horses . — A great deal of mismanagement occurs 
in this department also, for it frequently happens that the young 
animal is introduced tolerably perfect into the world, but is rendered 
useless by our system of rearing. This proceeds from a mistaken 
economy on the part of the farmers, many of whom consider any 
keep good enough for this description of stock ; and they are con- 
sequently often left to struggle through a winter as well as they 
can, unhoused, unsheltered, and with no food but what they ban 
grub up from the frozen ground — excepting when the herbage is 
buried in snow, and then a small quantity of hay or straw and 
a few turnips are afforded them. * The Cornwall Agricultural 
Association’ has endeavoured to correct this short-sighted and 
miscalculating system of privation, by offering premiums for 
yearling colts and fillies; while at the same time they have enforced 
on the breeders the necessity of affording shelter and a more liberal 
supply of food, especially during the first two winters. Daily 
experience fully proves the impolicy of neglecting young stock of 
any kind; but such neglect is especially impolitic and injurious in 
the case of those animals whose value depends on their size, 
strength, and powers of endurance — qualifications mainly promoted 
by liberal feeding and careful treatment. 
“Feeding of Horses . — This is a very important subject, inas- 
much as the maintenance of horses forms a considerable item of the 
farmer’s expenditure. The general mode is grazing, or soiling, in 
the summer, and hay, straw, and oats in the winter. The soiling 
of horses in the summer is getting into practice, it being found the 
most economical mode ; for one acre of grass or clover mowed, and 
given to the 'horse in the stable, will go further than double the 
quantity fed off, independently of its producing an excellent ma- 
nure*. Tares with rye, sown early in the autumn, produce a large 
* “ Soiling to a considerable extent has been pursued by Mr. J. Roskruge, 
of Roskruge, St. Anthony West. He says : ‘ I kept from the third week in 
April to the same time in August (1842) 6 horses, 1 colt, 1 bull, 4 working 
oxen (4 others had their dinners), and 15 pigs, on 4^- acres of Italian rye 
grass and red clover, and three quarters of an acre of vetches. In 1843 I 
kept from the 1st of May to the 1st of June 40 head of cattle and horses and 
20 pigs, when, from the want of sufficient accommodation, I was obliged to 
turn part of my stock out ; but I continued keeping 7 horses, 2 colts, 6 
working oxen, 1 bull, and 20 pigs, until the 2d of August, on 4 acres of red 
clover. 
“ ‘ In 1844 I kept from the last week in April to the third week in August, 
9 horses, 2 colts, 28 head of cattle, 50 pigs (the youngsters had in addition 
the wash from the house), on 8£ acres of Italian rye-grass and red clover. 
“ ‘ The quantity of manure I can make by this method of feeding stock is 
