588 THE REVISION OF THE BY-LAWS CONSIDERED. 
nourished by the blood circulating from the mother through its own 
body from the moment of its earliest formation up to the time of 
its birth. 
To nourish the young animal in the womb of its mother, an ad- 
ditional quantity of food must be given, and this quantity must be 
increased as the state of pregnancy advances ; and the kind of ad- 
ditional food must readily supply the materials of the growing 
bones and muscles of the foetus, and contain a larger quantity of 
starch or sugar, also, than the mother in her ordinary state would 
require. This is required by the circumstance that the mother 
must now breathe for herself and her young — the quantity of blood 
is increased, more oxygen is taken in by the lungs, and conse- 
quently more carbonic acid is given off. A certain preparation of 
bone and muscle also must be supplied to the young animal by 
the food given to the mother, or the bones and muscles of the 
mother herself will be laid under contribution to supply it. This 
must be effected by the quantity of phosphates, gluten, fibrin, or 
casein, which are given in the food with which the mother is fed. 
An animal thus kept will be in the most profitable condition to 
rear its young ; and bear in mind, that as the calf grows rapidly, 
the food it requires increases daily with its bulk, and the demands 
upon the mother every day become greater. If, then, adequate 
supplies are not given, a portion is daily taken from her own sub- 
stance, which causes her to be lean and feeble, and her young 
stinted and puny in its growth. 
John Bryer, Furness Farmers' Club. 
THE REVISION OF THE BY-LAWS CONSIDERED. 
By A Practitioner. 
Sir, — ALTHOUGH not a M.R.C.V.S., I beg, through the medium 
of your excellent periodical, to congratulate the members of the 
veterinary profession on the recent revision of the By-laws, parti- 
cularly as relating to the apprenticeship clause ; and, to shew the 
necessity of such an alteration, I will give you a case in point. 
A young man left this country in the beginning of January last, 
and entered himself as a pupil of the Edinburgh Veterinary Col- 
lege : he remained there about a week, and returned home. In the 
month of May he opened a veterinary and horse- shoeing establish- 
ment, and issued a circular, from which the following is an extract: — 
“Having last year attended Edinburgh Veterinary College, and 
paid particular attention to the Diseases of the Foot and Leg, and 
