CYSTIC CALCULUS IN A HORSE. 
333 
as to leave no hope of recovery. The pulse was indistinct, 
the visible mucous membranes were congested ; the respira- 
tion was very laboured ; the pain continuous ; tremors were 
also present, and cold sweats bedewed the body. The 
patient soon became convulsed, and died 16 hours after the 
operation. 
[We are enabled to add the following particulars of the 
lesions seen after death, and also a description of the calculus, 
Mr. Aubrey having forwarded the chief viscera of the patient, 
as well as the stone, to us. 
Heart , pale, and its walls much attenuated. Coagula of 
fibrine in the cavities, extending into the pulmonary artery, 
and the aorta. 
Lungs , congested. 
Liver , paler than usual, and somewhat softened. 
Stomach , ruptured ; the rent principally confined to the 
serous covering, but extending through all the coats in the 
central part of the organ. The viscus contained a fair quan- 
tity of ingesta, and it is probable that the lesion occurred at 
the time of death. 
Spleen , much engorged with black blood, which had accu- 
mulated in spots, giving a nodulated condition to the organ. 
Kidneys: the left was found to be ruptured on its convex 
border . It had evidently been the seat of long-existing 
disease, leading to a general softening of its structure. The 
right was enlarged, and also somewhat softened. This 
kidney contained a large sac, continuous with its pelvis, and 
of a shape and size calculated to give lodgment to the calculus, 
and in which it was evident the concretion had long been lo- 
cated. The sac had been formed at the expense both of the 
tubular and cortical structures. At the base of the cortical 
structure the inner wall of the cavity was divided by septa 
into pentagonal sulci, giving it a reticulated appearance not 
very dissimilar to the second stomach of the ox. This con- 
dition of the part probably depended upon the arrangement 
of the small renal veins which form, as shown by the injec- 
tions of Mr. Varnell, a beautiful rete at the base of the cortical 
structure, before quitting the gland as distinct venous trunks. 
The sac contained a semi-fluid, and very adhesive mass of a 
dirty- white colour, mixed with which were numerous granules 
of carbonate of lime. The ureters were both enormously 
enlarged and thickened. 
The bladder was but little affected, but gave evidence, from 
the congested state of its vessels, of having been recently 
irritated, by the introduction of the forceps. Its neck, how- 
ever, and also the urethra, to the place of the incision, were 
xxviii. 43 
