374 QUESTIONS ON THE BREEDING OF ANIMALS. 
7th. Do male or female foals preponderate? 
8th. Is sterility in mares, or impotency in stallions, most 
frequent ? 
9th. What are the known, or probable causes .of abortion 
in the mare, or other animals ? 
10th. Is there any foundation for the statement that a high 
bred cow not proving in calf by a high bred bull will, when 
put to one of a common breed, conceive ? And, if at the 
next bulling, she be put to a high bred bull, will she be likely 
then to conceive and produce first rate stock ? If so, does 
this equally apply to other animals ? 
11th. When mares, cows, ewes, & c., prove barren, are 
there any, and if any what, means resorted to to prevent it 
for the future ? 
12th. What is the cause of those weakly animals, termed 
i{ weeds?” Is it debility in dams or sires, or does it depend 
upon the quantity or quality of the food of the colt, or 
otherwise ? 
13th. What effect has early use, in excess, of the sexual 
organs of entire horses or other animals? 
14th. Is there any reason to believe that entire horses, or 
other animals, are subject to seminal emissions independent 
of the act of copulation ? 
15th. Do the testes of horses used for breeding purposes 
enlarge during the summer months? Have they what is 
termed a rutting season ? or do they evince equable sexual 
desires irrespective of the season of the year? 
16th. Are there any artificial means had recourse to to 
excite sexual desire in the horse or mare, either medicinally 
or otherwise ? and if so, what ? 
17th. Can any age be stated at which mares or entire 
horses cease to have sexual capabilities ? 
18th. Do entire horses, bulls, rams, or any other animals, 
when, by being with females, and not allowed to gratify their 
desires, suffer constitutionally? 
19th. What are the known or probable causes of impotency 
in stallions or other animals? 
20th. What evidences does a mare give of having become 
impregnated or “ stinted ?” 
21st. What number of mares is it usual to put to valuable 
thoroughbred horses ? 
22d. When horses have a number of mares brought to 
them at the same time, what interval is it usual to allow 
between the acts of copulation? 
23d. What is the nature of the food of stallions, both 
during the covering season and at other times ? 
