SABULOUS DETOSTT FROM THE URTNE OF A HORSE. 403 
[. 'Examination , chemical and microscopical , of the Urine . 
Appearance , that of a somewhat viscid, nearly opake 
fluid ; 
Odour , natural ; 
Reaction^ alkaline ; 
Specific gravity , 1 "030. 
After the application of heat to it, numerous flocculi were 
thrown down as the fluid again cooled. Nitric acid being 
added to it, a considerable effervescence took place, and 
carbonic acid gas was freely extricated. On applying heat 
to this fluid, it darkened in colour, arising from the action 
of the acid on the mucus. 
Examined by the microscope, numerous crystals of car- 
bonate and oxalate of lime were seen to exist, with a few of 
the phosphate of lime ; these being mingled with much gra- 
nular matter, having no definite crystalline form, and which 
was unacted on by either ammonia or a solution of potash, 
but w 7 hich readily dissolved in the acids. 
When the carbonate of lime was decomposed by means of 
hydrochloric acid, the crystals of oxalate and phosphate of 
lime were rendered more obvious. 
Epithelial scales w r ere also found in abundance. 
Remarks* 
This peculiar state of the urine shows a tendency not only 
to calcareous deposition, but its accumulation, so that a 
calculus may hereafter be formed in some part of the urinary 
organs, or even now be forming. 
The presence of the oxalate of lime would lead to the 
inference that some functional derangement of the kidneys 
exists, and the urine being thus rendered abnormal, it acts 
as* an irritant to the mucous lining membrane, from which 
more of its secretion being poured out than is natural, we 
derive the phosphates ; while it also acts as a ferment to the 
urine, and we then have the generation of carbonate of 
ammonia by the decomposition of the urea, when the car- 
bonate of lime and the phosphate become precipitated. 
Treatment suggested. 
Particular attention to diet, and the exhibition of the 
hydrochloric acid in doses of from 3j to 5iij> in water, daily, 
with an occasional laxative interposed. And as it is reported 
that the water the horse has been drinking is highly impreg- 
nated with the bi-carbonate of lime — the probable source of 
the excess of lime-salts in'the urine — it should be changed ; 
xxviii. 52 
