464 
REMARKS ON ENTOZOA. 
of the cat; and, lastly, the echinococcus veterimarum of sheep 
and oxen causes a small taenia in the dog, which has as yet 
only been studied by Siebold, and which this helminothologist 
designates the taenia Echinococcus, 
We now come to the second series of experiments. 
In order to develop the cysticercus fasciolaris in the liver 
of the rat, it is only necessary to make the animal swallow 
the fecundated segments, or only the ova of the taenia eras - 
sicollis of the cat. By giving the same parts of the taenia 
serrata of the dog, or the taenia solium of the human subject, to 
rabbits, the cysticercus pisiformis will be produced in the liver 
of these animals. In sheep, however, the coenurus cerebralis 
will be developed. Thus the same taenia produces, according 
to the animals, different hydatids, agreeably to the species of 
animal, and the parts of the body in which the creature may 
chance to be located. 
The fruitful segments of a taenia are frequently eliminated 
with the excrements of the animals which are affected with 
it ; and, according to M. Kiill’s experiments, the ova of the 
worm which are contained within them do not die at the 
time these segments pass into putrid fermentation. Herbi- 
vorous animals, under such circumstances, will often find 
them in the pastures and stagnant waters, and being taken in 
with their food, the eggs will undergo progressive develop- 
ment, and thus lead to the production of hydatids.* The 
cooking process to which the food of man is subjected, pre- 
serves him in a great measure from this disease. It has, 
how r ever, been observed, that butchers and pork-dealers are 
often affected with tapeworms. 
With a view to lessen the frequency of giddiness and other 
diseases, M. Zangger proposes the following measures of 
hygiene. 
1st. To diminish the number of dogs by increasing the tax 
upon these animals. 
2d. To make known to the owners of dogs affected with 
taeniae, the accidents to which they expose their animals, and 
even society itself. 
3d. To give the animals, when at pasture, pure water, that 
they may not suffer from thirst, and thus seek it in stagnant 
pools, ditches, &c. 
4th. Not to make use of excrements of the human subject, 
* This mode of the development of hydatids will sufficiently explain the 
frequency of giddiness in sheep, which are at all times accompanied by 
dogs. We may also ask whether these ruminants, in which, according to 
M. Ilering, giddiness is sometimes epizootic, and dependent upon locality, 
meet with the germs of the hydatids in such pastures ? 
