164 
PHTHISIS IN MAN AND IN ANIMALS. 
climate, may be attacked with pulmonary phthisis. This same 
infrequency of phthisis is found among birds of prey. 
11. It is found that, of carnivorous animals, the domesticated 
dog, and of solipedes the horse, are much less subject to tubercles 
than to cancer, a disease considered by Camper as unknown 
among animals. 
12 . In ruminating animals, particularly in the bovine tribe, 
phthisis is often found together with vesicular worms, particu- 
larly the echinocochia ; but there is no foundation for the opinion 
that there is any connexion of transformation or succession be- 
tween these hydatids and tubercles. 
13. The fatty degeneration of the liver is generally a sign of 
phthisis in man and of general obesity in birds. 
14. The alterations of the bones, which are observed in tuber- 
culous monkeys, and particularly in those of America, appear 
analogous to the enlargement and spongy softening of the bones 
in phthisical and scrofulous children. Similar alterations are 
noticed in the bones of the carnivora of warm countries, trans- 
ported into temperate latitudes. 
15. While the frequency of pneumonia, and the infrequency 
of phthisis, in the domestic dog, appear to indicate a want of 
connexion between these two diseases, it is otherwise with the 
calf, the cow, and the milch ass, in which the deposit of tuber- 
culous matter almost always coincides with a chronic progressive 
pneumonia. 
16. Phthisis is hereditary, but it is almost never congenital, 
even in the incipient stage. 
17. In phthisical subjects, the sperm contained in the vesiculae 
seminales has few or no spermatic animalcules. 
18. Ulcers of the larynx, trachea, and bronchise, are not of the 
same import in man and in all animals. In the former, they 
almost always denote pulmonary phthisis, and sometimes syphilis ; 
in quadrupeds, a general tuberculous affection; in solipedes, almost 
always glanders. 
19. In pneumothorax, vegetations may be formed upon the 
pleura of a phthisical patient, as occurs sometimes in the air- 
cells of birds that are tuberculous, or labouring under a lesion 
of the organs of respiration. In this case, as in all those noticed 
in the vertebrata, the development of this species of vegetation 
is always a secondary phenomenon. 
From the foregoing conclusions, M. Rayer developed some 
general reflections, to which he called the attention of the 
Academy. 
The progressive connexion which anatomy and physiology 
demonstrate in the animal series is shewn also by pathology. 
