THE FRENCH ARMY VETERINARY SURGEONS. 227 
The first veterinary surgeon attains the rank of captain, and 
tlie second that of lieutenant after ten years of service. 
4th. In Hanover every veterinary surgeon, in coming to the 
regiment, occupies the rank immediately above that of the under 
officers. 
After a certain time they gain the rank of sub-'ieutenant. 
They form part of the staff-office of the regiments. 
GERMANY. 
5th. In Austria, military veterinary surgeons have the rank of 
quarter-masters, as in France. 
In Prussia they have only that of brigadiers. 
But it must be observed on the one part, that in these two 
states, veterinary surgeons, properly speaking, are ranked in 
the class of farriers , and all of them compelled to practise the 
shoeing of horses; but the infirmaries and medical management 
of the horses of the troops are under the direction of a superior 
class elected from these, and are the real veterinary surgeons of 
the regiment. They are officers of a higher order. 
6th. In Bavaria, the veterinary surgeons of the army are 
classed since 1829 as follows : — 
A. Assistants (to the number of 14), who have the rank of 
cadets*. 
B. Inferior veterinary surgeons (to the number of 4), who 
have the rank of sub-lieutenants. 
C. The principal veterinary surgeons of the second class (in 
number of 2), having the rank of second lieutenant. 
D. Principal veterinary surgeons of the first class (to the 
number of 4), having the rank of first lieutenants. 
E. Lastly, as reporter of veterinary affairs, and connected with 
the minister of war, is the principal veterinary surgeon of the 
army , who has the rank of lieutenant-colonel. 
7th. Wu rtEx\iburg. Since 1830, there is a veterinary sur- 
geon for each regiment of cavalry. 
This veterinary surgeon, at the time of his entering into the 
regiment, has the rank of sub-lieutenant. 
After two years of service, he has that of captain. 
8th. Hesse Electoral. The veterinary surgeons of the 
army are divided into veterinary surgeons of a regiment, and vete- 
rinary surgeons of the squadron. 
They have the rank of lieutenant. 
9th. Hesse (Grand Duchy). In the only regiment of 
* The cadets are the pupils of the military school, or candidates under- 
lieutenants not yet placed. 
