LAMENESS IN HORSES. 
359 
De Nanzio, Director of the Veterinary School of Naples, was 
of opinion, likewise, that the shoulder-joint was in fault, and for 
that reason recommended his operation, as performed for hip-joint 
lameness, as applicable in this case. 
M. Leblanc, our professional friend and associate, for whose 
opinion we entertain the highest respect, has informed us — in The 
VETERINARIAN, vol. x — that “ old lamenesses arising from lesions 
of the superior divisions of the extremities are oftenest to be attri- 
buted to diseases of the articulations, and more especially to dis- 
tention of the capsular ligaments.” — “ The capsular ligament of the 
shoulder-joint loses its natural aspect; is in some parts diminished 
in thickness, while in others it is increased in substance ; its inter- 
fibrillary cellular texture is indurated ; the tendinous fibres are no 
longer distinct ; the surrounding mass has assumed a variable 
colour — oftenest a yellow tinge mingled with red points ; the neigh- 
bouring cellular tissue is likewise sometimes indurated, at other 
times osseous.” — “ The synovial capsule and the synovial fringes 
(glandules Haver sii ) are always diseased — thickened, and of a min- 
gled yellow, black, and red colour. The synovia is thicker than 
in health, and of a deeper colour. The articular cartilages are 
diminished in thickness; sometimes they are abraded in various 
places where they have a yellow hue. The ends of the bones are 
sometimes deformed and out of their places, displaying false articu- 
lation. Finally, the muscular tissue surrounding the shoulder- 
joint is found discoloured and wasted, especially when lameness 
has been of long standing.” Such is, or was, Leblanc’s account 
of the post-mortem appearances. They evidently apply, we should 
say, rather to chronic shoulder lameness than to common or recent 
disease. 
The Symptoms of Shoulder Lameness are — 1st and nega- 
tively (in the absence of signs of other lameness) that the horse 
neither points with the foot of the lame limb, nor usually stands 
upon it differently from what he does upon the sound leg; 2dly, 
and positively, that, in trotting, he displays a movement in the 
fore leg different from the action of a horse lame in the foot or 
elsewhere. 
Solleysell was perfectly well acquainted with the latter : his 
description includes pretty well all observation since his time has 
taught us concerning it. His name for the ailment was “ shoulder- 
wrench,” “ shoulder-plight,” or “ shoulder-sprain.” And he tells us, 
u ? tis hard to discover where the lameness is if you did not see 
him get it, and if the horse does not cast his leg outwards or make 
a circle loith it, instead of advancing it straight forward ; for 
that is almost an infallible sign that the grief is in his shoulder .” 
Pain or inability evidently intimidates or prevents the horse 
