ON THE CASTRATION OF THE COW. 401 
for nourishment, the child, by the time it was six months old, pos- 
sessed a robust constitution, refused its boiled food whenever by 
mistake it happened to have been prepared with any other milk 
than that from the castrated cow.” 
To this M. Morin adds ; — “ All the cows I have castrated con- 
tinue to give entire satisfaction to their owners, as well in regard 
to the quantity and the quality of their milk, as to that of their 
condition. The felicitous results every day brings of this important 
discovery are so conclusive and so well known at the present 
time in our own country, that many persons are found daily 
bringing to us good milch cows, or else send for us to their homes, 
to have the operation performed. 
After what has been said, one might think nothing remained to 
be urged on the good effects of castrating cows : still, however, 
have we to combat apprehension, customs, and prejudices; to 
demonstrate to the farmer by reasoning, and the relation of facts of 
which he is in ignorance, the superiority of this new procedure ; 
and this is no easy matter. 
“Let us not forget how much it took at the time, in France, to 
introduce the cultivation of artificial grasses; with what tardiness, 
with what hesitation, were cultivated these alimentary plants, so 
excellent for cattle, so advantageous as an alternation of crop. 
“ The husbandman, timid and mistrustful by nature, is with 
difficulty forced out of the narrow path custom has chalked out for 
him, and is ever fearful, and perhaps with reason, of making mis- 
calculations. To him nothing appears certain but what passes 
under his own eyes; and before he yields assent to any novelty, 
its advantages must be put to the proof for some length of time, 
under his own inspection, so as to appear to him indubitable.” 
In conclusion : — 
The advantages derivable from such an operation by cow- 
keepers are, 
1. That from the same number of animals they obtain more 
milk. 
2. A steady return of milk of better quality. 
3. Less loss in replacing their cows, which now they sell to the 
butcher, instead of sending them away in exchange. 
4. Less risk in being deceived in their dealings, since the same 
cow will continue in milk twice or thrice as long. 
5. No loss from miscarriages or down in calving, or trouble 
from cows bulling; or from such as remain barren for their year; 
or from prolapsus , disease of the udder, or from age, when they 
will not fatten. 
It is also a fact confirmed by experience, that the flesh of 
castrated females is, in comparison to their age, superior to that of 
