602 CASE OF DISEASED KIDNEY AND RUPTURED STOMACH. 
limbed and large jointed, when taken into work may be said to be 
the especial subject of bursal swelling ; and it is rare when such 
swellings have once become developed for him to get rid of them. 
They remain as evidence of his having been “ put to work too 
early,” and are apt to operate on the public mind to the deprecia- 
tion of his value. 
The Causes of Windgalls, then, may be set down to be, in 
general, such as come under the denomination of “ hard work.” 
The stretch, the strain, the sudden shock, the continual squeezing 
and rubbing, the bursae of such joints as the fetlock and hock are 
subject to; the stretch and occasional laceration the faschiae 
bracing and supporting the bursae experience ; the strains and con- 
torsions to which joints are so obnoxious — all these, to say nothing 
about incidental injuries, such as falls, blows, & c., must be reck- 
oned as so many causes, direct or indirect, of windgall. At the same 
time it must be borne in mind that in particular forms of disease — 
to be hereafter specially considered — particular causes will be 
found operative. Other causes are mentioned. Hurtrel d’Arboval 
says, that continued exposure to cold and moisture, in marshy 
pastures, will produce windgalls; and he is strongly in favour of 
the old notion, that they are also caused by the steeply inclined 
standings in stables in which horses, for the sake of appearance, 
by dealers more especially, are kept for many hours together con- 
fined by having their heads racked up. 
[To be continued.] 
CASE OF DISEASED KIDNEY AND RUPTURED 
STOMACH. 
By John Tombs, M.R.C.V.S . , Stratford-on-Avon. 
Sept. 22, 1848. 
An aged half-bred horse, belonging to a respectable miller of 
this town, went a journey of twelve miles this morning : on his 
return home, at 2 P. M., to eat his bait of bran and beans as 
usual at 4 P.M., he was observed to be ill. I saw him at 5 P.M. : 
he was lying down, groaning, and looking back towards his flanks. 
When made to get up, he extended his extremities to their utmost 
limits, crouched his back and loins, unsheathed his penis, and 
strained violently, and expelled small quantities of urine. Coun- 
tenance dejected ; pulse 60, and hard. I apprehended a calculous 
affection of the urinary organs. Prognostication unfavourable. Bled 
largely, and gave opiates. At 8 P.M. I saw him, and found the 
