122 
THE INFLUENZA OF 1830. 
the January Veterinarian. So far as he goes, he is correct. 
He must have seen the disease with his own eye, and made dis- 
sections with his own hands. He could not have told what he 
has told, if he had been a follower of other men. 
The prefebrile symptoms are well marked. If the horse be at 
work, they must be seen. In general they are visible from one 
to four or five days before the fever appears ; that is, before the 
eye reddens and the pulse quickens. The rider or driver com- 
plains that his horse is dull and weak ; upon inquiry it is found 
that he has not been eating his hay, and perhaps not all his corn. 
The other symptoms are more or less marked. The duration of 
this stage is shortened by putting a working horse to rest. At 
slow work, I have often seen a horse ill for three or four days, 
without any sign of fever, which was suddenly developed after he 
was laid up for twenty-four hours. 
Most frequently the fever steals upon the horse. In the ce- 
phalic influenza, the horse is well at night, and eats his corn ; 
next morning he is ill, and refuses all food. But the fever of tho- 
racic influenza advances in slower measure. Most usually the 
horse eats a portion of two or three feeds before he abstains en- 
tirely ; and it is some days before the pulse reaches its greatest 
quickness. It may continue to rise for three or four days, till it 
reach 70 or 80. In the cephalic disease it often rises so high in 
one night, the heat of the body is always greater, and the debi- 
lity is not in such excess. The quick pulse, the weakness, and 
the comparatively low temperature of the skin, are characteristic 
of thoracic influenza. The skin is always warmer than usual, 
but it is not so hot as in other diseases, when the pulse is equally 
quick. As the fever advances, symptom after symptom becomes 
more clearly established. The redness of the eye and the nos- 
trils deepens, the prostration of strength amounts almost to 
palsy; the pulse runs up to 75, 80, and in severe attacks to 90 
or 95 ; it is small, and not easily counted, yet the artery is suffi- 
ciently perceptible. At the beginning, the breathing is often 
undisturbed, and in a few cases it never becomes very quick. 
In many, it becomes excessively hurried in the height of the 
fever, or immediately before death. In all cases it is more or less 
quickened from the time the pulse rises ; but in some there will 
be only 12 respirations per minute, while in others there will be 
35 or 40. The breathing is always quickest when the inflamma- 
tion spreads from the head, or is seated chiefly in the large 
branches of the windpipe. When it is confined to the minute 
branches, respiration is comparatively slow. The extremities are 
usually warm. Sometimes three will be hot, and one cold ; at 
other times, one or two will be hot, and the remainder cold ; often 
