33G 
GEANDEllS IN TIIK HUMAN BEING. 
to the horse, the ass, and the mule. Within these few years 
several cases have occurred, shewing that it may be communi- 
cated to man, in either the acute or chronic form. About twelve 
years ago, in the course of a discussion at the Medico-Chirur- 
gical Society, I stated that the fact of the disease having been 
thus communicated had been proved by cases that had occurred 
in Germany. The cases to which I then alluded were published 
in Rust’s Magazine , for 1821. Since then cases have been ob- 
served in this country, and published by Mr. Travers, Mr. 
Brown, and Dr. Elliotson. It is to this last gentleman, how- 
ever, that we are most indebted for a full elucidation of the sub- 
ject by his able researches. The frequency of the occurrence of 
the disease in the human subject justifies the notice that will be 
taken of it in this work. 
3. Acute and chronic glanders are contagious amongst the 
animals just mentioned; but from the facts adduced by Mr. 
Coleman, Dr. Ashburner, and Dr. Elliotson, it evidently ap- 
pears that the disease may be generated anew when horses are 
shut up in a confined space for a long time, as on board trans- 
ports. The characteristic symptoms of the disease in its acute 
form in the horse are, intense inflammation of the pituitary 
membrane, attended by erosions which soon pass into chancre- 
like sores ; swelling of the lips and nose ; rapid extension of the 
ulceration, giving rise to a purulent and disagreeable discharge, 
which often passes to a purplish, or bloody and horribly foetid 
sanies ; subsequently gangrene of the nasal membrane, with 
increased discharge, sometimes with slight haemorrhage; swell- 
ing and pain of the sublingual glands ; inflammation of the con- 
junctiva and nasal eyelid, quickly passing into a livid and 
swollen state, with an offensive sanious discharge ; and fever of 
a putro-adynamic or malignant character. As the local changes 
extend to the adjoining parts, respiration becomes laborious, and 
the superficial vessels congested, the animal dying in a few days, 
or after a longer or shorter interval. If the disease is protracted, 
the symptoms sometimes relax ; but the state of the pituitary 
membrane, and the character of the discharge, shew that it has 
degenerated into a chronic form. Pustules may also appear in 
the progress of glanders, with gangrene of the external parts of 
the face, and tumours, with swelling of the extremities : the 
disease being thus associated with farcy, which is only a modi- 
fication of it. 
4. The farcy glanders generally appear in the form of small 
tumours about the legs, lips, face, neck, or other parts of the 
body : these tumours vary in size, and in the rapidity ol their 
progress to ulceration. They sometimes create little inconve- 
