EPIDEMIC TYPHUS AMONG CATTLE. 
487 
were exposed. He believes, as much as any of our readers do, 
that cattle everywhere, if exposed to the influence of the same 
causes, or differing only in degree, will exhibit a similar, but 
milder disease — too often fatal, and frequently contagious — 
such is the murrain which occasionally occurs in our prac- 
tice. — Y.] 
Taking its origin in Hungary, the epizootic typhus of 1711 
spread into Italy and Germany. Carried into the territory of 
Padua by an infected beast, it penetrated into the Milanese — the 
duchy of Ferrara — the country of Rome, and the kingdom of 
Naples. In the states of the Pope alone it destroyed 30,000 cat- 
tle*. Leaving Milan, it advanced into Sardinia, and thence into 
Piedmont ; and in this last province, rich in cattle, it swept away 
70,000 beasts in 1714 and 1715 ; and at the end of 1717, the 
period at which for awhile it disappeared there, the number of 
victims had increased to 80,000. 
From Piedmont it extended to Switzerland ; it penetrated into 
France by the way of Dauphine, ascended to the north, and then 
retraced its way to the south of our country, occasioning losses 
almost as great as in Italy and Piedmont. 
From the centre of Italy, also advancing to the north, it passed 
the mountains of the Tyrol ; and establishing itself in Germany, 
and at the same time avoiding the centre of Hungary, it pene- 
trated into another part of the same empire, and reached the 
borders of the Danube. 
Its continuance in Germany was short, but most destructive ; 
and then it passed over into Alsace, and arrived in Brabant and 
Holland, and there it caused 200,000 beasts to perish. From 
Holland it reached the shores of England, where it was as de- 
structive as in France, in Italy, and in Germany; and, finally, 
after having for seven years bid defiance to all means to arrest its 
progress, it assumed a milder character, and presently disappear- 
ed, after having destroyed more than 600,000 cattle. 
At the expiration of twenty years it again appeared in Europe. 
It then broke out in Bohemia, among the cattle collected for the 
provision of the French army occupied by the seige of Prague. 
From this point it spread rapidly to the south and to the east, 
into Hungary, Bavaria, Styria, Corinthia, and the Tyrol : it once 
more descended into the fertile plains of Italy, and arriving at 
the feet of the Alps, it soon passed into the southern provinces 
of France. On the north it advanced into the centre of Germany, 
and passed into Holland. 
* The reader who has the work at hand may compare this history with 
that given by the author of “ Cattle,” in page 384, ct seq. of that work. 
