4S8 
EPIDEMIC TYPHUS AMONG CATTLE. 
From the province of Luxembourg, and traversing Alsace, it 
found its way into Franche Comte, Lorraine, and Flanders. It 
soon reached Picardy, and arrived almost at the gates of Paris, 
and ravaged most of the provinces in the centre of France. 
By means of some commercial transaction, it was conveyed a 
second time from Holland to England. 
Until this epoch, no disease had been known to be so fatal 
among our domesticated animals; for, in spite of the sage advice 
of the most celebrated physicians of Europe, and the best sani- 
tary measures that could be devised by the different governments, 
three millions of cattle were swept away by this epizootic. Its 
extinction was not complete until after a domination of ten years. 
During the next twenty years — from 1750 to 1769 — Europe 
was free from this typhoid epidemic ; but during the years 1770 
and 1771, it began to appear anew in Holland, and committed 
the most dreadful ravages. In one year it destroyed 98,000 
beasts in the province of Friedland ; in the south of Holland, in 
the same year 115,665 died ; and in the north of Holland, during 
the same period, 225,831 were attacked, of which 162,276 
perished : in short, 375,441, were lost in one year. 
From Holland it spread to Austrian and French Flanders, and 
was not slow in extending over the whole of Laonais ; whence it 
penetrated into the provinces of Picardy and D’Artois, to which 
it for awhile confined itself, and where it destroyed 11,000 
animals. 
Scarcely, however, had Flanders and Picardy begun to recover 
from their fearful losses, than it reappeared with new fury, in 
Hainault first, and presently afterwards in Holland. It soon 
thinned the herds of Flanders, and Picardy, and Soissonnais, and 
of Champagne ; but the number of cattle that were then lost 
were never accurately reported. 
Since the epizootic of 1740, the southern provinces of France, 
then, as now, containing numerous herds of cattle, had been spar- 
ed by this bovine pest ; but in the month of August it broke out 
all at once on the borders of the ocean, at Bayonne and its en- 
virons. From this point it spread in every direction, until it oc- 
cupied almost the whole of France, from the south to the north. 
The provinces of the west of France, La Vendee, Brittany, and 
part of Normandy alone escaped. In some of the southern pro- 
vinces, the number that were destroyed were so great that after 
the disappearance of the epizootic there were scarcely enough 
cattle remaining to cultivate the soil. The number was esti- 
mated at 150,000, and their value, 152,000,000 francs. During 
the wars of France (then a republic) with Austria and Russia, 
under the command of General Bonaparte, in 1793, 4, and 5, and 
