490 
EPIDEMIC TYPHUS AMONG CATTLE. 
how heavy the tax, through every after age, imposed on pos- 
terity. Who can assure himself that our cattle may not, at a 
very short distance of time, be again swept away in fearful num- 
bers by this destructive pest. Its history has proved that it 
appears about once in three-and-twenty years. Its last visit was 
in 1815. 
Then it is of the highest importance to inquire, 
1st. Whether this typhus is of Hungarian origin, or spring- 
ing spontaneously chiefly or only in Hungarian or German 
cattle ? 
2d. What are the causes which originally produced that 
malady in the animals of those countries ? 
3d. Whether the cattle of other countries are not equally 
exposed to contract it spontaneously ? 
4th. By what means the malady assumes an epizootic cha- 
racter, and spreads from country to country ? 
5th. What are the measures of sanitary jurisprudence which 
can or should be adopted to prevent its thus spreading from 
kingdom to kingdom ? 
In order to arrive at this important object, we will again 
consult the records which have been transmitted to us by our 
predecessors. 
The Origin and Causes of Contagious Epizootic Typhus. 
The epizootic of 1711 derived its origin from Hungary, for 
it was an infected beast from that country which introduced it 
into Italy. 
That of 1740 commenced with some Hungarian cattle that 
were attached to the French army at the siege of Prague. 
That of 1770, first appearing in Holland, and was traced to the 
commerce in fresh hides which existed between that country 
and Hungary and Dalmatia. 
That of 1774 was plainly derived from Holland. It passed 
from Holland into Flanders, Picardy, and Artois, and was 
carried into the south of France by means of the infected skins 
which, coming from Zealand, were unladen at Bayonne. 
The epizootic of 1793, in Italy, was brought by the Hungarian 
cattle which were designed for the provision of the Austrian 
army, and which communicated it to the cattle of Lomeline, and 
of Alessandria, Novara, and Tortona. 
It was among the German cattle that formed the convoy of 
the army commanded by General Jourdan that the typhoid epi- 
zootic of 1795 first appeared in the department of the Lower 
Rhine. 
