EPIDEMIC TYPHUS AMONG CATTLE. 491 
The typhus of 1814, in France, was brought by the Hungarian 
cattle that followed the enemy’s army. 
It appears, then, that in all the principal destructive epizootics 
among cattle that have prevailed in Europe, the point of starting* 
has been, in every case but one, Hungary. This pest, then, is to 
be traced originally to this country, as the plague originated in 
the east. This is the opinion of Lancisi, Ramazzani, Leclerc, 
Layard, Vicq-d’Azyr, Paulet, Buniva, Leroy, and Metaxa. 
Other writers, without contesting this origin of the disease, 
think that it may be produced spontaneously in cattle of all 
countries, if they are exposed to the influence of the same 
causes that gave rise to the development of it in the Hungarian 
oxen. This opinion was promulgated by Messrs. Rodet and 
D’Arboval, and we heartily concur in it. We know that, at the 
present time, typhus does not reign either sporadically or under 
an epizootic form, either in Hungary, or the whole of Germany. 
M. Huzard, sen. had full assurance of this in his intercourse 
in IS! 4 with the Austrian commissaries attached to this depart- 
ment of political economy ; and M. Rodet, who had instituted 
the same inquiries on the spot in 1800, affirms, that the epi- 
zootics which sometimes arise among the cattle in Hungary 
are of the common exanthematous typhus ( typhus charbonneux ). 
On the other hand, German authors make no mention in their 
writings of sporadic or enzootic typhus in Hungary. 
If so, veterinarians have thrown some difficulty on the origin 
of typhus: all agree in the following opinion — that the cattle of 
these countries, whether Hungarian, Dalmatian, or German, 
have a peculiarity of constitution which disposes them to con- 
tract a typhous affection, of a malignity and subtle contagious- 
ness which has not been observed in the same disease of the 
cattle of any other country. 
See, then, the causes which are more than sufficient for the 
development of an epizootic typhus. 
Wherever war long continues to rage, typhus fever breaks out 
among the cattle. These two destroyers of men and of cattle are 
in some manner inseparable. Numerous facts prove this pro- 
position. It was the war of the succession of Austria, or the 
seven years’ war, as it is called — an epoch most disastrous, 
during which the French invaded successively, Silesia, Austria, 
Prussia, and the Austrian Low Countries, that the epizootic from 
1740 to 1750 raged. 
It was also in 1807, during the continuance of the war of 
France with Prussia, that the province of Elbing had its cattle 
swept away by a typhus, which afterwards spread over Eastern 
Prussia, and raged there two years. 
