640 PROTRUSION AND INVERSION OF THE BLADDER, 
On my arrival, on the 9th, I found that the bladder had some- 
what increased in size ; its colour was of a deep red ; rather cold 
than hot, possessing little sensibility, and having several cracks 
on its surface. The mare was a little out of spirits, but had 
eaten the food that was given to her. 
After having examined the parts with the greatest care, we de- 
termined that a reduction was impossible. In order to save the 
animal there remained but one resource, namely, extirpation of 
the organ. We communicated to the proprietor all the accidents 
which might attend the operation, and the inconveniences that 
would necessarily follow it, even if successfully performed. He 
immediately consented that it should be attempted. 
Having prepared a strong waxed thread, many times doubled, 
and to the extremities of which we had fixed two small pieces of 
wood for the sake of tightening the ligature, we passed it round 
the body of the bladder, an inch and a half below the orifices of 
the ureters, and drew the knot as tightly as possible. 
In exploring the bladder, we perceived that it contained some 
fluid ; and on cutting into the fundus of it, about three small 
glasses of light-red serosity, without odour or smell, escaped — 
the produce of the exhalation from the utero-vesical portion of the 
peritoneum. We abstracted about nine pounds of blood from 
the mare, and ordered emollient lotions to the part, occasional 
injections, and a restricted diet. 
12th . — Her health seemed to be scarcely affected by the opera- 
tion — her efforts to stale were less frequent — the pulse natural — 
she lay down and got up w T ith ease — the bladder below the liga- 
ture was flaccid, livid, and resembling macerated muscular flesh — 
the parts above, and in the immediate neighbourhood of the liga- 
ture, were red and inflamed. Every time that the animal made 
an effort, the uterers threw out a jet of urine ; and in the intervals 
between these efforts it ran from her continually, without her ap- 
pearing to feel any pain. A new ligature, tightly drawn, was 
placed above the old one, at which the parts appeared to be be- 
coming putrid. The same treatment was continued. 
18/A. — The protruded part was cut off an inch below the liga- 
ture, and the exposed surface was washed with camphorated 
spirit of wine, on account of the putrid smell which proceeded 
from it. The portion which remained speedily suppurated, and 
the part was healed in about fifteen days. A month afterwards 
the animal was put again to work, and did well. In August she 
was used as a shaft horse, and was fully competent to the work. 
I chanced to meet her when she was thus employed, and desirous 
of assuring myself of the state of the organ which had been 
submitted to such an operation, 1 introduced my hand sufR- 
