VETERINARY SCHOOL AT ALFORT. 
and there exhibited more the appearance and consistence of car- 
tilage. It suddenly ceased at the union of the auricle with the 
ventricle. It also ceased superiorly, where the venae cavae opened 
into the auricle. 
M. Renault has performed, during the last session, a course 
of operations, or rather of experiments, as to the good or bad effect 
of certain operations. They are highly important, and reflect on 
him much credit. 
On thirty-two horses, he has practised castration by simple 
excision. 
On twenty-three he has performed the operation of trache- 
otomy , in order to compare the advantages and inconveniencies 
of different tubes recommended or used, and particularly to study 
their effect on the trachea. 
On fourteen he has practised puncture with debridement of the 
ureter at its ischiatic curve, in order to judge, 1st, whether it 
would be preferable to operate for lithotomy in the median or 
lateral way; 2d, whether the opening of the canal would readily 
close, and in what time; and, «3d, in case of the misfortune of 
wounding the bulbous artery, whether the haemorrhage, aband- 
oned to itself, would prove mortal, or what means can conveni- 
ently or possibly be adopted to arrest it. 
On six he attempted the most simple modes of docking. 
On five he practised cesophagotomy. 
In five he tried whether it were possible, in case of caries of 
the lateral cartilage of the os pedis, to remove readily and cer- 
tainly the carious parts only of the cartilage. 
On two he tried whether, in caries of the conch of the ear, 
the operator might be content with removing that part of the ear 
which projects from the head, instead of taking away the whole 
of the cartilage of the conch, the dissection of which is tedious 
and intricate, and exceedingly painful to the animal. 
On one horse he made a section with loss of substance of the 
two plantar nerves in the region of the cannon-bone, in order 
that the students might be assured, whether, as some had pre- 
tended, the division of these nerves would arrest or diminish the 
secretion of horn. 
Independently of these operative experiments, he instituted 
others with regard to the danger attending certain wounds to 
which horses are exposed in their ordinary or extraordinary work. 
He submitted nineteen horses to experiments on wounds pe- 
netrating into the parotid salivary canal, simple or contused, 
and with or without loss of substance. 
On twelve horses he experimented with regard to the means 
of arresting haemorrhages resulting from the wounding of the 
vol. x. 4 u 
