100 
Foreign Extracts. 
Memoir on the Castration of the Horse. 
By M. Goux, Department Veterinary Surgeon at Agen. 
[Continued from p. 49.] 
The divers methods of castration which have been practised 
may be ranged in two classes : — 
The First Class, by removal of the testicles , will comprise the 
operation, 
1. By the clams, covered or uncovered; 
2. By ligature, covered or uncovered ; 
3. By torsion and tearing out ; 
4. By scraping and grating; 
5. By cauterization or section of the cord by means of a cutting 
firing-iron ; 
6. By simple ablation ; 
7. By incision of the flank in the case of cryptorchis. 
The SECOND Class, castration without incision, through morti- 
fication of the testicles within the scrotum, comprises four me- 
thods : — 
1. By crushing; 
2. By simple ligature surrounding, externally, the scrotum, the 
two cords, and their envelopments ; 
3. By double ligature, internally, carried by means of a needle 
athwart the cord, beneath the scrotum and dartos ; 
4. By twisting of the spermatic cord. 
Among all these methods, to point out the preferential one is a 
difficult matter. To do this, one ought to have put all to trial ; 
and this is what we cannot do in private practice, since we feel 
ourselves implicitly bound to operate in the best and safest way we 
can for our client. And if we consult books or the opinions of 
other veterinarians on the subject, we are not likely to arrive at 
any definite or satisfactory conclusions ; since one prefers one me- 
thod, another another, and either will give what to him appears 
good reasons, and will call up his experience to substantiate them. 
The majority of veterinary practitioners (in France) employ, to 
the exclusion of every other method, the naked or uncovered ope- 
ration with the clams (a testicles decouverts). 
The object we have in view is to insure such compression of the 
cord as will intercept the circulation, and so cause mortification 
of the genital glands. And the best means of effecting this will 
