REMARKS ON MR. REEVE’S EXPERIMENTS. 
141 
proving the existence of lateral expansion of the foot at its lower 
circumferent border, is made exactly as described by Mr. Reeve. 
No 4. Harrow shoe for the cart-horse. — This shoe, for ascer- 
taining the fact of the descent of the sole, was made exactly as 
described for No. 1, only of greater substance and very wide in the 
web (2§ inches). It was adapted with seven screws at regular 
distances close to the inner rim of the shoe. From the web of the 
shoe being so wide, the descent of the sole, if any, at all points 
round the frog up to the heels upon the screws, could be readily 
seen, and I considered it unnecessary to adopt another shoe similar 
to No. 2. This shoe was six inches and a quarter wide, and was 
adapted with eleven nails round the border of the shoe, so that they 
could be used at pleasure. 
No. 5. Lateral harrow shoe for the cart-horse. — This only dif- 
fered from No. 3 by its being of greater substance, and in the 
number of nail-holes round its border, so that they could be used 
at pleasure. This shoe was six inches and a half wide. 
General directions. — In the application of the shoe to ascertain 
whether the sole descends, the following precautions were taken : — 
The sole was left as strong as circumstances would permit, the loose 
horn only being removed. The crust was pared down to its junc- 
tion with the sole. The trial shoe was firmly imbedded by burn- 
ing a seating. The nails were driven with great correctness and 
firmness ; the screws always carefully looked to, to see that they 
fitted tightly, as, if they were at all loose and projected, the chances 
were that the weight of the horse, when they came on a resisting 
surface, would send them in. The foot of the horse was in its 
natural condition, and in no way prepared by being moistened 
previously. The screws were first measured by being passed into 
their holes nearly up to the distance required, and they were then 
taken out and cut to the proper size. In the application of the la- 
teral harrow shoe, to ascertain the fact of expansion of the foot, 
the crust was lowered, as before, to its junction with the sole. 
The sole was merely cleared of its exfoliating portions. The nails 
on the inside and round the toe were very firmly driven, and the 
greatest care taken that a dead level seating should be attained by 
burning the shoe into its place, especially at the outer quarter, 
where it was free of nails. The outside quarter of the foot oppo- 
site to the screws was lightly rasped, rubbed with oil, and polished, 
so as to shew the slightest mark. Great care was taken in the 
adjustment of the screws to see that they went in correctly, and 
that the points were in the centre of each screw, else, in driving 
them inwards, the points would describe a small circle and wound 
any projecting horn. In the first experiment I used a fine visiting 
card to interpose between the point of each screw and the horn 
