170 
ON THE MANAGEMENT OF FARM HORSES. 
pursuit demand a higher order of intellect, a deeper fund of moral 
courage, a greater boldness in action I The medical man is, under 
Providence, the arbiter of human life. “ Ars corporis curandi tuen- 
dique, atque utilitas Deorum immortalium, inventioni est conse- 
crata.’’ A pursuit which, in its very infancy, was esteemed so great 
as to claim descent from the gods, and is so interwoven with the 
welfare of every member of society, and on which even our national 
character depends, and no less our scientific rank, merits the highest 
attention of the legislature, and demands for it the most vigilant 
observance and exposition of its defects, and the co-operation of 
all who desire to promote the welfare of this great nation through- 
out the globe. 
On the Management of the Farm Horse. 
By W. C. Spooner. 
(Continued from page 112.) 
3. Keeping, whether in the Stable or in the open Air. 
DURING eight months in the year, viz. from October to June, 
there can scarcely be a doubt that it is far more desirable, in every 
respect, to keep working-horses in the stable. 
The effect of exposure to cold and wet throughout this period of 
the year is indeed tantamount to the waste of so many quarters of 
oats: for, if the animal heat is permitted to be thus purloined by 
means of exposure, an additional quantity of fuel, in the form of 
food, is necessary to supply this deprivation ; for there is no fact in 
animal chemistry better established than this, — that the principal 
use of the non-nitrogenized or carbonaceous part of food, is to 
furnish a supply of carbon, which, uniting with the oxygen of the 
atmosphere in the lungs, gives out heat, as in ordinary combustion, 
and thus serves to keep the animal temperature above that of' 
surrounding objects. It is, therefore, a very costly method of 
procuring a certain amount of animal heat, when such heat, or a 
good portion of it, can be retained by keeping an animal in a 
comfortable stable. Besides which, the effect of turning a horse 
into the open air is to cause him to have a long thick coat, this 
being one of Nature’s resources to counteract the effect of cold. 
When a horse is worked with such an external covering, he sweats 
readily and profusely in consequence, and is faint and weak after 
very little exertion. Thus, in whatever way we look at the 
question, whether theoretically or practically, " turning out” is 
decidedly objectionable in every respect. With regard, however, 
