566 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PATHOLOGY AND 
scarlatina maligna, in which the stress of the disease falls upon 
the throat. The epithet maligna marks truly the fearful character 
of this form of the malady. This division, so far as my own ex- 
perience has hitherto gone, is, upon the whole, very appropriate to 
this malady in the horse, particularly the varieties denominated 
simplex and anginosa : the latter variety, in fact, may be said to 
be a mild form of the scarlatina maligna ; for, as Dr. Copland re- 
marks, the anginosa form passes into the maligna by “ insensible 
gradations.” 
Scarlatina Simplex. — This form of the disease usually appears 
in association with epidemic catarrh ; it seldom, or perhaps never, 
manifests itself simultaneously with epidemic catarrh, but usually 
on the third, fourth, and even as late as the sixth day after the 
commencement of the former. The animal affected with catarrh 
will, perhaps, be fed and left at the usual hour at night in what 
may be considered a fair way of recovery; but, on the groom 
entering the stable on the morning following, the patient may be 
found affected in a very peculiar manner : the hair about the neck, 
the fore and hind limbs, will be elevated in a blotchy manner, while 
the limbs themselves will be found in a swollen condition. The 
blotchy elevations, generally speaking, are not large, but they are 
exceedingly characteristic of the malady. If the hand be passed 
lightly over them, scarcely any corresponding elevations can be felt 
upon the skin beneath: the mucous membrane of the nose will 
have upon it a few scarlet spots of variable size ; the pulse, in 
some instances, will be increased in action considerably ; while in 
others, even when the disease appears more severe, not so much. 
In like manner, the soreness of the throat may also be increased, 
or it may not. Sometimes the blotchy elevations may be confined 
to the hind limbs, and the scarlet spots to the membrane of one 
nostril; while, in other cases, all these symptoms are present, but 
in such a very mild degree as not to excite the attention of any 
one but a closely observing practitioner. If at this stage of the 
disease the animal is judiciously treated, and the stable be dry and 
comfortable, the whole may pass off in a few days, without any 
further mischief ensuing ; but if the treatment be improper, the 
stable cold and damp, and the animal otherwise unfavourably cir- 
cumstanced, it is probable that the disease will become virulent, 
by either assuming the malignant form, or by passing into purpura, 
or both ; and so endanger the life of the animal. 
Scarlatina Anginosa vel Maligna. — This form of the malady 
may appear either at once in all its virulence, or it may supervene 
upon the milder states above described. It generally prevails either 
as an epidemic or as endemic. The patient for some days may 
have manifested what is usually considered epidemic catarrh, the 
