CARRIAGES AND HORSES KEPT IN GREAT BRITAIN. 631 
Now, the total number of persons returned as of independent 
means at the time of taking the last census was 500,000 and odd; 
of these, very nearly 490,000 were 20 years of age and upwards. 
Hence it would appear that only 1 person in every 23 of those who 
are independent keep their carriage. 
Such are the statistics of the carriages, both public and private, 
of Great Britain. What proportion of the vehicles above enume- 
rated belong to the metropolis I have no means of ascertaining with 
any accuracy. 
The number of horses throughout the country is equally curious. 
In 1847 there were no less than 800,000 horses in Great Britain, 
which is in the proportion of five horses to each carriage, and of 
one horse to every six males of the entire population of 20 years 
of age and upwards. Of these 800,000 horses upwards of 820,000 
were charged with duty, while nearly 500,000 were exempt from 
it. Among the 320,000 horses charged with duty were com- 
prised — 
Private riding and carriage horses 143,000 
Draught horses used in trade 147,000 
Ponies 22,000 
Butchers’ horses 4750 
Job horses 17,500 
Race horses 15,000 
349,250 
The horses not charged with duty were, in round numbers, as 
under — 
Horses used in husbandry 330,500 
Horses belonging to small farmers 61,000 
Horses belonging to poor clergymen 1250 
Horses belonging to poor traders 10,500 
Horses belonging to volunteers 13,000 
Horses used in untaxed carriages 15,000 
Horses used by waggoners for their own riding 2000 
Horses used by bailiffs, shepherds, &c., ditto 1600 
Horses used by masters ditto 3700 
Horses used by market gardeners 2000 
Horses used in conveying paupers and criminals 250 
Horses kept for sale 7000 
Horses kept for breeding 4500 
Colts not used 16,000 
Post horses 8500 
Stage-coach horses 9600 
London hackney-coach horses 3600 
490,000 
