694 ON MURRAIN, OR THE VESICULAR EPIZOOTip. 
the typhoid form; the strength is much reduced; the appetite is 
gone, and rumination suspended ; the animal becomes emaciated ; 
the flow of saliva is very abundant, frothy, of a ropy consistency, 
and tinged with blood ; the mucous membrane lining the nostrils 
is much inflamed, and secretes a muco-purulent fluid of a dis- 
agreeable odour. The vesicles have run on to ulceration ; fresh 
ulcers follow those first formed ; they become confluent, and a 
yellow dark-looking pus is poured out. Cases are on record in 
which the ulceration of the nostrils has been so violent that the 
septum nasi has been entirely destroyed. The face and head are 
much swollen, as also are the submaxillary, parotid, and other 
glands. The breath has a noisome odour. The respirations are 
quickened, laboured, and occasionally accompanied by a grunt. 
The pulse becomes small and weak, but is seldom much accelerated. 
The ulcerations on the feet take on an unhealthy action. Slough- 
ings of the interdigitai substance, and even of the whole hoof, 
occur; the bones are carious; the lateral cartilages and the liga- 
ments are ulcerated, and extensive sinuses are formed. The legs 
and joints are swollen. Dropsical enlargements appear along the 
belly, and in other dependent parts. As the prostration of strength 
increases, the animal is unable to rise ; and the consequent pres- 
sure is very apt to induce ulcerations, abscesses, and sloughing of 
the integuments. It is fortunate, however, that, in this country at 
least, such cases have been exceedingly rare, and that complica- 
tions such as these have only occurred where the animals have been 
much debilitated, of a weak and unhealthy constitution, entirely 
neglected, or the victims of exceedingly injudicious treatment. 
The symptoms of the vesicular epizootic among sheep are similar 
to those observable in cattle. The animals manifest the same 
febrile symptoms, the same dulness and dejection, the same desire 
to be alone, and the same unwillingness to be moved. Lameness 
is soon apparent ; the feet are hot and tender ; there is considerable 
swelling around the coronet ; and the eruption soon appears on the 
fibrous interdigitai substance. Among sheep, lameness is often 
the only symptom observed : the feet seem to be the parts first 
affected, and they almost invariably suffer more than the mouth. 
Pigs are also affected by this disease; but the cases are less 
malignant than those occurring among cattle, and the duration of 
the disease is also shorter, the animals being, generally well in 
about eight days. The vesicles appear in the mouth and all over 
the snout ; but, as among sheep, the feet are generally the prin- 
cipal seat of the disease, and lameness is often the only visible 
symptom. 
Goats are liable to this disease, which has caused considerable 
loss in countries where large flocks of these animals are kept. 
