AND THE REMOVAL OF PART OF THAT VISCUS. ‘37 
not satisfy myself to what organ it belonged. At length I caused 
the mare to be raised, which was not effected without considerable 
difficulty, for she was very weak. She made repeated efforts to 
void her urine, and, from time to time, she darted some of it to a 
considerable distance. 
I did not even then suspect inversion of the bladder, for I had 
never seen a case of it, nor heard it spoken of in veterinary me- 
dicine. It was red, thickened, and bloody. The stable was 
dark, but, on a candle being properly held, I discovered the 
bottom of the vagina, after separating the lips of the vulva. 
Every thing appeared to me to be in its place ; I thought, indeed, 
of inversion of the bladder, but I could not bring myself to be- 
lieve that it existed in this case. At length, following the in- 
ferior surface of the vagina, I could not find the meatus urinarius, 
and the membranous substance commencing there ; and the mare, 
after some violent efforts, lancing out the urine to a considerable 
distance, I saw very plainly what was really the case, and. that 
it was the bladder which 1 saw hanging out of the vulva. I 
examined it anew, and I found that the proprietor had torn it at 
the fundus in endeavouring to return it. He had used all his 
strength, and the mare at the same time struggled violently. 
What was to be done in such circumstances? Should I endea- 
vour to return the bladder? — the urine would run into the 
bladder, and produce a degree of inflammation which would be 
soon followed by death. Should I leave it as it was ? — it would 
soon be destroyed by gangrene, for it was already of a violet 
colour, and smelled very offensively round the torn part. I ac- 
quainted the proprietor with the imminent or rather the imme- 
diate danger of the patient, but, as he could not make up his 
mind to have her destroyed, he prayed me to do all that I could 
for her. 
In order to calm her pains and strainings, which still continued, 
I took away eight or nine pounds of blood, and placed her on re- 
stricted diet. I saw her two or three times every day. At the 
end of three days, her milk being troublesome, I ordered the foal 
to be returned to her. The bladder was swelled and black, and 
the thighs were excoriated by the continual running of the urine. 
On the fourth day (May 29th) I chanced to meet my friend, 
M. Diquet, V.S., at the depot of Pin. We consulted together 
about the mare, and at length resolved to pass a ligature round 
the bladder, below the orifices of the ureters. The proprietor 
consented to tighten the ligature daily. 
On the following day I was informed that the mare was worse, 
and had violent colicky pains. On examination I found that the 
ligature had slipped upwards more than an inch, and had closed 
