VETERINARY SCHOOL AT LYONS. 
355 
seton, which descends along the anterior line of the scapula, 
passes under the ars (a fold of integument between the chest 
and the articulation of the scapula with the humerus), and 
returns along the posterior border of the scapula, as an infallible 
cure for all chronic lamenesses, dependent on sprains of the 
scapulo-humeral joint. We have applied this seton to four 
horses. In three of them it produced engorgement so great, 
that we were afraid of gangrene in the part, and hastened to 
withdraw the seton, and lay open the wounds which it had made. 
The last, being taken away by its owner after the operation, 
died in consequence of this gangrenous engorgement. These 
mishaps caused us to renounce this form of setoning ; and, in- 
stead of passing a seton under the ars, we place one or two, 
according to circumstances, towards the borders of the scapula, 
and in front of the scapulo-humeral articulation. There is no 
novelty in this operation, but we have, nevertheless, cured many 
valuable horses by adopting it. 
Fractures. — Experience has long ago proved that fractures 
of the bone in the human subject are much more common in old 
men and in adults, than in infants ; but daily observation has 
shewn us that it is not so among the smaller animals, and par- 
ticularly among dogs. Five-sixths of the fractures which occur 
in these patients take place between the time of weaning and six 
months old. It is not because from their chemical composition 
the bones are more fragile at this age, but because young dogs 
are more exposed to falls from the hands of the persons who 
carry them, or from the places to which they climb, and because 
the extremities, then in the state of epiphyses, are easily sepa- 
rated from the body of the bone. When the fracture takes 
place in the body of the bone, it is nine times out of ten trans- 
verse, or a little oblique, but there is scarcely any displacement. 
For the reduction of these fractures we are rarely obliged to 
have recourse to extension and counter-extension : we content 
ourselves with a simple bandage, which we remove ten or twelve 
days afterwards, when the preparatory callus has acquired some 
consistence. One only out of twenty-six dogs that came to 
us with fractures of the extremities died. Four cases of fracture 
of the lower jaw have presented themselves this year, one of 
which in a horse was oblique, and extended to both branches of 
the jaw. From the incisors to the first molars there was a 
separation of the bones. He was kept five or six days on in- 
jections of gruel, and afterwards his muzzle was loosened for a 
while, to enable him to take his oat or barley mash. At the ex- 
piration of twenty days he could feed as usual. The fracture 
of one branch of the lower maxillary in a horse reunited without 
