214 
ON TUBERCULAR DISEASE. 
veterinary surgeons had generally fallen respecting glanders in 
the horse. It is primarily and essentially a tubercular disease. 
Cavalry veterinarians attribute it to excessive labour, or bad 
food, or badly ventilated stables : from these causes it is enzootic 
in certain barracks. It is characterized by enlargement of the 
sublingual lymphatic ganglions, by discharge from the nostrils, 
and by ulceration of the membrane of the nose. Such horses 
are said to be chancred, glandered, &c. 
Having extracted some of these sublingual ganglions, the author 
has discovered calcareous deposits in these tissues; and it is well 
known that the lungs are often filled with them. 
He regards this disease as incurable ; he says that he knows 
not the medicine on which dependence can be placed. He believes 
that great loss to the service might be prevented by more skilful 
selection in the remounts. He has observed this disease in the ru- 
minants, and particularly in the ox and the sheep. He has often 
dried portions of the lungs of the cow, and he has found the tuber- 
cles, resembling small pieces of chalk, surrounded by a fine and 
almost imperceptible tissue. In the sheep this disease is often 
confounded with the rot. They are, however, essentially different 
diseases ; but they may be complicated with or may follow each 
other. 
The rabbit, according to M. Richard, is subject to tubercular 
phthisis, and also the hare. Birds are not exempt from it: it is 
principally produced in them by the agency of cold, and that 
especially on young birds ; and, generally speaking, phthisis is 
much more frequent in cold and damp climates than in those 
that are temperate and dry. 
It would almost seem that phthisis may be considered to be, 
or at least is accompanied by, a superabundance of phosphate of 
lime in the constitution. These tubercles, when analyzed, have 
yielded very little animal matter, but have been composed of 
different salts, among which the phosphate of lime has chiefly 
prevailed. M. Thenard found 96 parts of different salts and 
only 3 of animal matter in some tubercles which he analyzed. 
If the tubercles are formed by the deposit of osseous molecules 
in the lungs and elsewhere, it is very easy to explain the origin 
of these concretions, even in the foetus. 
The transparent vesicles which are sometimes found in the 
neighbourhood of the tubercles are merely accidental. They are 
the origins of the tubercles, the cyst which is to enclose them, 
and tuberculous matter is afterwards secreted from the internal 
surface of the cyst of which the hydatid or the acephalocist is 
composed. 
The author is not favourable to the opinion that phthisis is 
contagious ; and he say^that Flourens has proved that it is not 
