478 
CASTRATION. 
place, but is fastened to the manger so that his head shall be as 
low as possible. One assistant only is wanted, and four or five 
pieces of worsted and small cord twisted together, and five or 
six inches in length. 
The assistant seizes the muzzle of the bull with his left hand, 
and the left horn with his right hand ; and the operator then 
laying hold of the testicles, the animal does not often make any 
resistance, unless it is necessary to use considerable force in order 
to reverse them, and then probably he liqg down, but he soon 
gets up again. 
The operator, bending, with his legs apart, or being on his 
knees, or behind the bull, seizes the inferior part of the scrotum 
with one hand, and with the other gently pushes the testicles as 
high up into the bag as he can, and again letting them descend, 
and so on alternately sliding them upwards and downwards three 
or four times. This is particularly necessary when the scrotum 
is small, the skin hard, and the testicles large and round, in 
order that the scrotal integument may be distended, and it and 
the spermatic cord rendered more pliable ; but it is useless when 
the testicles are oblong or small, and their envelopes and the 
spermatic cord relaxed. 
♦The operator, next, with the thumb and fore and middle fin- 
gers of the left hand, takes hold of the left spermatic cord at 
its origin near the epididymis ; then taking the scrotum, at its 
inferior part on the same side, between the thumb and fingers of 
his right hand, and pressing on the lower part of the testicle, 
first from before hindwards, and then from below upwards, and 
keeping the left hand fixed and steady, he reverses the testicle, 
at the same time returning the inferior part of the scrotum to its 
proper place, the inferior part of the testicle having become the 
superior, and this organ being pressed against the posterior part 
of the cord. 
The operator then loosening his hold of the cord with his left 
hand and the scrotum with his right, seizes the inverted testicle 
and its cord with both hands, presses it lightly downward, and, 
applying his right thumb on the origin of the spermatic cord, he 
with his left hand causes the testicle to make a circular movement 
around the cord, maintaining the testicle in this position with his 
left hand, to which he gives a circular movement in order to 
receive the testicle as it passes round the back of the cord. He 
continues this until he has caused the testicle to revolve twice 
around the cord, and thus to compress the vessels and nerves, 
and the spermatic canal. From this double revolution of the 
testicle the operation takes its name, Fh’stournage. Finally, 
the operator quits hold of both the testicle and the cord in order 
to seize the inferior part of the scrotum with both hands, and. 
