50(3 CONTRIBUTIONS TO COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY. 
pultaceous consistence ; but that will not do, we must have 
active purging. Twelve grains more of the farina of the croton 
nut were forced upon him by means of a pointed cane, and then, 
in order to put the principle of counter-irritation fairly to the 
test, a blanket was put round him, and his sides and belly were 
well scalded with hot water. This being done, he was wisped 
dry, and nearly a pint of spirit of turpentine, with two ounces 
of the tincture of cantharides, were well rubbed in on the sides 
and belly. He evidently felt the full influence of such applica- 
tions. He was then warmly clothed, a bucket of gruel was 
placed within his reach, and he was left for the night. The 
tetanic symptoms had undergone some alteration. The spasms 
were excited by the slightest motion or noise — the ears were 
bent backwards, and it required considerable force to alter their 
position — the tail became stiff as any projecting pole. Spasms 
would play over the exterior muscles of the neck and shoulders, 
and then a start would follow, and the animal, scarcely able to 
move a foot from the ground and his lower limbs all stiff, would 
stagger sideways across the stable, seeming as if he would fall 
at the next step. The eye was retracted even more than that of 
the horse. This would last a couple of minutes ; then a groan 
would escape from him, and he would stop, and the spasms 
would relax, and he would have an interval of rest ; and perhaps 
he would look around him, and smell at something which he 
would fain seize and eat. These are the true symptoms of tetanus 
in the horse, but modified either by the peculiarity of the case, 
or by the difference of species and constitution. 
20 th, 5 a.m. — I am afraid that he is worse. The bowels have 
not yet been opened. They must at all hazards ; and external 
stimulants must again be resorted to, although these should 
destroy the beauty of the skin. I was now compelled to start on 
a distant journey, leaving my patient under the care of my 
partner, Mr. Ainslie. About 8 o’clock he saw him. The zebra 
was becoming rapidly worse. The exacerbations were more 
frequent and dreadful, especially when it was attempted to force 
medicine upon him ; and in the midst of one of the struggles he 
fell, and seemed in instant danger of suffocation. There was 
something more than tetanus about him, or the spasms were 
invading other organs. The attempt to administer medicine was 
abandoned. 
11 a.m. The bowels had not been moved, and the tetanic 
exacerbations were more dreadful. It was determined to put him 
into the trevis and force more of the croton upon him ; but while 
the keepers were getting the hobbles ready, and before the 
struggle, he fell ,* violent convulsions came upon him — they con- 
