AMONG SHEEP IN NEW SOUTH WALES. 
545 
from a florid to a dark red, mingled with patches of a leaden 
hue ; the turbinated bones were unusually florid throughout 
the whole of their structure, as if they had been filled with an 
exceedingly minute injection : this was not confined to the 
membrane covering their surface, but extended throughout the 
whole of their substance ; and, indeed, the enlarged injected 
bloodvessels reached through every part of the interior of the 
nasal cavity, and a very thick viscid matter was effused in the 
turbinated bones, as well as on the septum narium, which could 
be scraped off with the knife. On cutting the substance of the 
nostrils, a quantity of serous fluid or florid blood was discharged. 
These were the appearances on the dissection of the brain 
w hen the cerebral organs were the seat of disease ; but in many 
cases, although the same inflammation of the nasal cavity was 
found to exist in all that died from the present epidemic, yet no 
cerebral disease was found, the membranes being healthy; but 
the immediate cause of death existed in the larynx, trachea, and 
bronchi®, or the substance of the lungs. In one case I found 
both extensive pulmonary disease, as well as cerebral ; and from 
that circumstance we may infer, that disease might occur in both 
organs at the same time, although such has been of rare occur- 
rence. Indeed, I should be inclined to adopt the opinion, that 
influenza centres (in the majority of instances) in the chest, 
although the whole body is affected by it — the head particularly 
— and in most cases the whole mucous lining of the throat, 
nares, and eyes, participates in the affection ; the eyes becoming 
vascular, and the nose filled with a thick secretion. We also find 
in these animals, as in human subjects, an unusual languor and 
debility, disproportionate to the local affection. The heat of the 
animal is increased, the breath is hot, and a chilliness is imme- 
diately felt on exposure to a current of air : the urine is scanty. 
In some cases the pneumonic symptoms are severe, and in 
other cases they are less urgent, whilst the pain and heaviness 
of the head, and the dulness of the sensorial powers, is much 
increased. In the first, we may expect the lungs on dissection to 
be found the seat of the disease, and, in the latter, the cerebral 
organs. 
The heart, when cerebral disease was found, was gorged with 
black blood, as well as the large veins ; but when pulmonary 
disease existed, although all the large veins were equally gorged, 
yet I invariably found only the right auricle of the heart gorged, 
the left auricle and right and left ventricles being empty. 
When the lungs were found to be the seat of disease, it evi- 
dently had assumed the features of acute pulmonary catarrh, or 
inflammation of the pulmonary mucous membrane, varying in its 
