22*2 REVIEW — IODINE AND ITS COMPOUNDS. 
administered in quantities ascending from a drachm up to two 
ounces. 
The observations of Orfila and others, however, singularly 
clash with the above. Six grains, taken by Orfila himself on an 
empty stomach, affected him with a sense of heat and constric- 
tion in the throat, nausea, eructations, and pain in the epigas- 
trium, followed in ten minutes by slight vomiting. The pulse, 
and respiration, and heat of the body, also became augmented. 
Dogs exhibited very analogous effects. From two to three drachms 
brought on vomiting, and when this was effectual the animals 
recovered : as took place with Majendie. But when a ligature 
thrown round the gullet prevented the stomach from rejecting 
its contents, a state of depression was very quickly produced. 
The animal uttered plaintive cries; the intestinal evacuations, 
if any appeared, were solid and scanty ; and death gradually 
supervened in periods varying from two to seven days. 
Two drachms of the tincture of iodine injected into the jugular 
veins of dogs produced convulsions, prostration, deep and loud re- 
spiration and strong and tumultuous action of the heart. In about 
two minutes both the respiration and the heart’s action became 
slow, so as scarcely to be perceptible ; and in a couple of minutes 
afterwards the animal breathed his last. This experiment, how- 
ever, is hardly a fair test of iodine itself ; inasmuch as Orfila 
killed a dog in a few seconds by injecting four drachms of pure 
alcohol into the jugular vein. 
In such animals as died in Orfila’s experiments, he found the 
stomach internally yellow, and displaying patches of yellow 
mucus scattered over its lining membrane, as well as a number 
of little ulcers in the great cul-de-sac, but no morbid appear- 
ance either in the intestines or the other viscera. 
Iodine, even in very small proportions, it appears, may make 
an immediate powerful impression on the alimentary tube. It 
also takes effect on the nervous system, producing giddiness, 
head-ache, stupor, intoxication, and, in some instances, convulsive 
movements. As regards the air-passages, it is recorded by Dr. 
Manson, that the sense of smell returned under its influence after 
an absence of three years, supposed by him to arise from de- 
tumefaction of the Schneiderian membrane. Increased expecto- 
ration, cough, heemoptysis, and other thoracic disorders, have 
been ascribed to it; though M. Lugol declares he never saw any 
of these accidents ; which, probably, was owing to his peculiar and 
cautious method of using the remedy. Whether iodine can give 
rise to salivatiou is a question much in dispute. Soreness of the 
mouth and foetid breath are known to have been induced with- 
out the accompaniment of ptyalism. Various therapeutic facts 
