440 ON THE PRESENT EPIDEMIC AMONG CATTLE. 
which is also found in flakes throughout the trachea, as far as 
the larynx. No washing or maceration will separate it from the 
small air-cells and bloodvessels. 
The heart seldom or never exhibits any diseased appearance 
connected with this affection, although in some few cases of pleu- 
ritic inflammation the pericardium occasionally shares therein. 
The digestive organs do not exhibit any affection connected 
with this disease, excepting diarrhoea in the last stage. 
The kidneys and mucous membrane of the bladder often dis- 
play slight inflammation. 
The treatment of this disease baffles alike the veterinary sur- 
geon and the cowleech, the one being about as successful as the 
other. 
At its first appearance in three cows, about two miles from my 
residence, the cases were taken for inflamed lungs : the symp- 
toms were as described, and, the pulse appearing to justify it, 
the animals were each bled as much as they could bear. The 
sides were blistered ; setons inserted on them, and on each side 
of the spine, which exhibited uncommon tenderness. 
Sulph. magnes. 5 v j> digitalis 3ij, were given twice daily until 
the bowels were considerably relaxed. These means, however, 
did not in the least mitigate the symptoms, and on the third day 
they were bled again ; but from three to four pints was as much 
as could be abstracted without the animal falling. Digitalis, 
pulv. verat. alb., ant. tart., potass, nitr. were given largely, but 
the symptoms continuously became more aggravated, and all 
died, one on the eighth and the others oh the tenth day. 
Shortly afterwards other cows rapidly sickened, not only 
within a short distance from these, but throughout the country; 
some farmers losing from six to ten in the course of a month or 
six weeks. One farmer has lost thirteen, who lives upon a fine 
dry farm, five miles on the Manchester road from Congleton ; 
another, half-a-mile distant, has lost eight ; another, six ; one 
farmer, on the estate of Sir Harry Main waring, in Peovor, 
Cheshire, has lost twenty ; many who kept fewer have lost in 
proportion. 
The treatment which has by me been found most successful 
is extensive counter-irritation, avoiding bleeding if possible, 
and, at the very commencement, saturating the system, as far as 
safety will admit, with mercury — calomel 3j, opium 9j, twice 
daily. 
If by the fifth or sixth day there is considerable exudation of 
a thick yellow matter lrom the nose, and the pulse is firmer but 
slower and the breathing less oppressed, the animal will slowly 
recover. But after fairly putting to the test bleeding and seda- 
