ON THE EPIZOOTIC DISEASES OE CATTLE. 
147 
disease, probably on the day before the more decisive symptoms 
appear, and the animal is continually rubbing and licking himself. 
Let us suppose a herd of cattle in the open fields. They were, 
or were supposed to be, in perfect health. The owner takes his 
round among them, and he finds one or more dull — disinclined 
to move, creeping under the hedge, or seeking some sheltered 
spot; and there, perhaps, they stand with the eyes sunken, or 
closed, or weeping, shaking and trembling to a greater or less 
degree. The coat is rough — there is evident hidebound ; tbe legs 
are closer together than in an animal in health, and the back is 
bowed. If the hand is pressed upon the loins, the animal shrinks. 
The beast may be ruminating, but it is in a very careless way, 
and he is far from enjoying his meal. The breathing is gene- 
rally hurried, and the pulse is increased almost to 70, or even 
beyond that number. The owner watches him more closely, and 
he generally finds one or two symptoms, or perhaps both of them. 
There is an evident increase of saliva. It is dropping from the 
mouth of the animal ; it hangs about the lower lip, and the 
beast is making frequent efforts to swallow it. There is a peculiar 
smacking noise of the lips, which being once heard, will not be 
forgotten. If the mouth is examined, large vesicles or bladders, 
red, livid, purple, are found on the side or base of the tongue, 
or almost covering its upper surface. They break, and a foetid 
bloody fluid exudes. The whole of the face becomes enlarged, and 
sometimes considerably swollen, especially about the lateral and 
inferior portions of it. The front teeth are sometimes very loose. 
We here trace some resemblance between this affection and 
the Blain or Glossanthrax ; but there is another symptom, and a 
decisive one, in connexion with this disease. The animal is 
usually found standing, and there is a degree of stiffness and 
altered action in the legs, yet they are in almost continued 
motion. It is the shifting of the position from extreme pain. 
There is ‘‘foul in the foot” as well as “ blain,” and the pasterns 
become swelled, and the hoof separates from the foot. The local 
pain is excessive, and there is general and extreme fever. It is 
uncertain which of these evils takes precedence. 
Connected with them is usually a third evil, and as painful as 
either to the animal, and destroying the last remains of strength, 
— inflammation of the udder — garget — occasional removal of the 
whole cuticle of the udder. When these three evils combine, this 
epidemic in cattle is too firmly established, and too often fatal. 
The cows which were the best milkers, and in full milking at the 
time of attack, generally experience the disease more severely 
than others. 
Costiveness should also be mentioned as a frequent or general 
