ON THE EPIZOOTIC DISEASES OF CATTLE. 449 
been completely torn through by the man's fingers who held the 
beast. 
Mr. Hayes, of Rochdale, relates that, soon after the ulceration 
of the feet, vesicles appeared on the upper gums, the tongue, the 
lips, and sometimes the nose; and that in post-mortem examina- 
tions he had observed, in many cases, these vesicles extended to 
the larynx and down the oesophagus. This, he thinks, is the 
cause of the difficulty of swallowing which we sometimes see. 
He adds another very important observation, that this disease 
sometimes terminates in congestion, either of some of the internal 
viscera or an external part. This frequently appears near the 
udder, hip, stifle, thigh, knees, and other joints, in the form of 
large indolent tumours, which, on an incision being made into 
them, are found to contain coagulated blood in a considerable 
quantity. In three weeks or a month this blood dissolves into 
a brown, thin, sanious fluid, which, on opening the tumour, dis- 
charges itself, and readily heals by the common means. 
Mr. Silvester, of St. Albans, has observed that this disease is 
usually ushered in by a fit of shivering. The coat stares, and the 
animal is dull and loath to move. He is frequently shifting his 
position, holding up one leg and then the other, as if there was 
something in the feet; the bowels are generally constipated — the 
pulse not often increased in number — sometimes weak, at other times 
full and soft, but never hard. The cold fit passing away, the coat 
assumes its natural appearance ; the saliva flows from the mouth ; 
blisters quickly form on the gums and the tongue, and which 
quickly break, leaving foul and unhealthy sores. 
Mr. Copeman, of Walpole, thus describes the symptoms of 
this epidemic : — The pulse, 60 to 80, is soft, feeble, and indistinct ; 
respiration much embarrassed, with a frequent, short, sore, sup- 
pressed cough ; the Schneiderian membrane and tunica conjunc- 
tiva paler than natural ; the cuticular membrane of the mouth 
covered with a gluey, ropy kind of matter; appetite impaired, 
and in a few cases wholly gone ; great restlessness, as quickly 
followed by equal prostration of strength ; the slightest exertion 
producing great excitement of the system ; bowels generally na- 
tural, but in some cases more relaxed than in health; not the 
slightest oedema of any part of the system ; and slight injection 
of the mucous membranes. 
Mr. Corbett, of Worcester, states that, while cattle of all kinds 
have suffered from the attack of the epidemic, milch cows have 
felt it most severely. In some instances, soreness of the mouth 
has been the first symptom ; and, in others, the feet have been 
primarily or principally affected. The pulse has indicated weak- 
ness rather than strength. On the whole, it has not proved 
