38 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
q. Branchiostegals 7; preopercle serrate; air bladder 
present; fishes of moderate size 
Percidx (perches), p. 23G 
qq. Branchiostegals 6; preopercle entire; air bladder 
obsolete or nearly so; fishes of small size, the 
majority of the species not exceeding a length of 
3 or 4 inches Etlieostomidx (darters), p. 237 
pp. Anal fin with three to eight spines; dorsal fins sepa- 
rate or continuous; form various. 
r. Teeth more or less bristlelike, or at least slender 
and close-set, movable; gill membranes attached 
to the isthmus; soft part of vertical fins com- 
pletely covered with small scales; form short and 
deep. 
s. Dorsal fins nearly or quite separate; teeth 
slender but scarcely bristlelike 
Ephippidx (spade fishes), p. 306 
ss. Dorsal fin continuous; teeth numerous, very 
slender, bristlelike; color usually brilliant 
Chxtodontida s (butterfly fishes), p. 308 
rr. Teeth not bristlelike, usually firmly attached to 
the jaws, not movable; gill membranes free 
from the isthmus; form usually elongate. 
t. Pseudobrancliise very small; anal fin with 
three to eight spines; dorsal fin continuous 
or notched, with 6 to 13 spines; form moder- 
ately short and deep to elongate, com- 
pressed; fresh-water fishes Centrarchida s 
(fresh-water basses and sunfishes), p. 238 
tt. Pseudobranchiae well developed; anal fin 
definitely with three spines; form elongate, 
generally more or less compressed; marine 
fishes. 
u. Teeth on anterior part of jaws broad, 
incisorlike; form oblong or elongate, 
always notably compressed. 
v. Teeth on sides of jaws molarlike; no 
teeth on vomer or palatines; vertical 
fins not densely covered with scales; 
intestinal canal of moderate length 
Sparidx (porgies), p. 261 
vv. Jaws without molar teeth; teeth present 
on vomer and palatines; vertical fins 
densely scaled; intestinal canal very 
long; species herbivorous 
Kyphosidse (rudderfishes), p. 269 
uu. Teeth in jaws all pointed, not broad and 
incisorlike. 
w. Vomer and palatines without teeth. 
x. Body deep, strongly compressed; 
the back strongly elevated; pre- 
opercle with large serrations at 
angle; caudal fin round 
Lobotidse (triple-tails), p. 255 
