40 
BULLETIN UP' THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
( ddd ) Body oblong, broad, and depressed anteriorly; skin naked; no suborbital stay; 
opercle reduced to a concealed spinelike projection; gills 2^ or 3; ventral 
fins far apart, with a sucking disk between them, of which they form a part 
Gobiesocidse (clingfishes) , p. 339 
aa. Gill openings reduced to small foramen, situated near the axils of pectorals; carpal bones 
greatly elongated, forming a “wrist.” 
(e) Mouth large, superior, very oblique to vertical; gill openings in or near lower 
axil of pectoral; oblique to vertical; two doi’sal fins, the first dorsal with one 
to three detached tentacle-like spines on the head, the first spine expanded 
at tip, forming a lure or bait. 
(/) Head and body very broad, depressed anteriorly; pseudobranchise present; 
mouth excessively large and broad; skin naked; head and sides with dermal 
flaps; size large Lophiidse (anglers), p. 351 
(ff) Head and body compressed; pseudobranchise absent; mouth moderately 
large, not excessively broad; skin naked or with minute tubercles and 
dermal tentacles; size rather small Antennariidse (frogfishes) , p. 353 
(ee) Mouth small, inferior; gill opening above and somewhat behind axil of pectoral; 
a single short dorsal fin, consisting of soft rays only; a rostral process present; 
skin covered with bony tubercles and spines ^ .Ogcocephali dd (batfisbes), p. 354 
bb. Ventral fins not definitely with I, 5 rays. 
(gr) Form unsymmetrical, the eyes and color on one side, leaving the other 
side blind and colorless. 
(h) Eyes large, usually separated; mouth moderate or large; teeth generally 
well developed; margin of preopercle not concealed by skin and scales 
Pleuronedidx (flounders), p. 164 
(hh) Eyes small, very close together; mouth small, twisted; teeth small or 
wanting; margin of preopercle concealed by skin and scales. 
( i ) Body oblong or ovate; eyes and color on the right side; caudal fin 
free from the dorsal and anal; right ventral on ridge of abdomen 
and continuous with the anal fin Achiridx (broad-soles), p. 175 
(«) Body elongate; eyes and color on the left side; caudal fin joined to 
the dorsal and anal; ventral fins, if present, free from the anal 
Cynoglossidse (tonguefishes) , p. 177 
(gg) Form symmetrical, the eyes and color not confined to one side. 
(j) Tail isocercal, the vertebral column pointed behind, the last vertebrae 
very small; the fins all without spines. 
(/c) Ventral fins inserted almost on the chin, in advance of eyes, 
each developed as a long forked barbel; caudal fin confluent 
with the dorsal and anal; body more or less eel-shaped 
Ophidiidse (cusk eels), p. 335 
( kk ) Ventral fins inserted posterior to the eyes, large or small; caudal 
fin separate and distinct from the dorsal and anal. 
(1) Head elongate, shaped as in the pikes, its upper surface with 
an excavated area; no barbels; ventral fins normally shaped, 
well developed; dorsal fins 2, the first one short, the second 
one long Merlucciidx (hakes), p. 162 
C ll ) Head not especially elongate and not shaped as in the pikes; 
chin with a barbel; ventral fins various, with two to seven rays; 
dorsal fins 1, 2, or 3, extending over most of the back 
Gadidse (codfishes), p. 155 
(jj) Tail not isocercal, truncate at base of caudal; at least some of the 
fins with spines. 
