FISHES OF CHESAPEAKE BAY 
49 
7. Genus SCOLIODON Muller and Henle 
This genus differs from Carcharhinus in the presence of labial folds, which extend some 
distance along the jaws from the angles of the mouth, and the teeth, which are never serrate. 
7. Scoliodon terrse-novae (Richardson). Sharp-nosed shark. 
Sgualus terrse-novse Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amor. Ill, 1836, p. 289; “Newfoundland,” where the species does not occur. 
Scoliodon terrse-novse Bean, 1891, p. 94; Jordan and Evermann, 1896-1900, p. 43; Garman, 1913, p. 115, pi. 2, figs. 1 to 4. 
Body moderately robust; head rather broad; snout rather short, broadly rounded, preoral 
portion 1 to 1.05 in length to eye, its width at nostrils 1.05 in preoral length and 1.1 in length to 
eye; eye rather small, its diameter somewhat greater than width of nostril; interorbital area convex, 
1.05 to 1.15 in snout; nostrils obliquely placed, the outer angles being notably in advance of the 
inner ones, the inner angles about two-thirds as far from the mouth as from tip of snout, narial 
valve with a sharply pointed lobe; distance from nostril to eye 3.1 to 3.2 in snout; internarial space 
two times diameter of eye; mouth rather strongly arched, its width at angles 1.2 to 1.25 in preoral 
part of snout; labial folds short, the upper one notably less than one-third the length of the jaw, 
about two-thirds the length of eye, 3.8 to 4.15 in preoral part of snout and 2.3 to 2.8 in internarial, 
the lower fold shorter, 6.35 to 6.75 in preoral part of snout; teeth not serrate, with broad bases and 
rather narrow cusps, the anterior ones erect, those of the sides directed inward and backward; 
gill slits rather narrow, the longest about 2.5 in internarial, 1.1 to 1.15 in distance from eye to outer 
angle of nostril; first dorsal rather large, its outer margin concave, the lower lobe pointed, its origin 
about two times diameter of eye behind vertical from axil of pectoral, its base 2.4 in distance between 
dorsal fins; second dorsal moderate, its origin over or a little behind middle of base of anal, its base 
6.05 to 7.4 in distance between the dorsal fins; upper lobe of caudal very long, pointed, 3.85 in total 
length, the lower lobe broad, 6.4 to 6.75 in the upper lobe; anal fin with concave margin, its base 
1.85 to 1.95 in distance from anal to base of caudal; ventral fins small, inserted equidistant from 
axil of pectoral and posterior margin of base of anal, the claspers about two-thirds the length of the 
fins in specimens 360 millimeters in length; pectoral fins moderate, the posterior margin little 
concave, reaching about opposite middle of base of dorsal. 
Color bluish gray above; pale below. 
This shark was not seen during the present investigation. It may be distinguished from the 
other sharks of this family known from Chesapeake Bay by the presence of folds in the lips, which 
extend forward from the angles of mouth, and by the smooth teeth. 
The food of this shark is rather varied, consisting, however, largely of fish and crustaceans. 
The young, according to Smith (1907, p. 34), are born during the summer. The usual length 
attained is about 3 feet. This small shark, which is common on the South Atlantic coast, probably 
rarely enters Chesapeake Bay. 
Range . — Cape Cod, Mass., to Brazil. 
Chesapeake localities. — (a) Previous record: Cape Charles, Va. (6) Specimens in the collec- 
tion: None. 
Family VI.— SPHYRINID4L The hammerhead sharks 
This family resembles the species of the genus Carcharhinus, differing in the peculiar modifi- 
cation of the head, which is greatly depressed and broadly expanded, hammer-shaped. The eyes 
are far apart, being situated on the lateral margins of the expanded head; nictitating membrane 
present; no spiracles; nostrils remote from each other and distinct from the mouth; labial folds 
rudimentary; teeth compressed; first dorsal fin large, in advance of ventrals; second dorsal and 
the anal small, opposite; lower lobe of caudal prominent. A single genus is known. 
8. Genus SPHYRNA Rafinesque 
Body elongate, compressed; head much depressed, with a broad expansion on each side, 
more or less hammer-shaped; eyes far apart, placed on lateral edges of the broadly expanded 
head; nictitating membrane present; no spiracles; mouth inferior, strongly arched; labial folds 
rudimentary; teeth compressed, more or less triangular, with broadly expanded bases and a notch 
