66 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
itself is that the propeller may not always have worked properly. It is possible (though 
improbable) that in some cases, when beginning to haul up the thermometer the 
propeller failed to reverse until some moments later, in which case the temperature 
reading would be for some depth other than the one desired. The observations should 
be carefully repeated before the conclusions suggested are accepted. 
During the trip of the Mazama party from Ashland to Crater Lake and return a 
good many temperature observations were made. All of these possess a certain 
value and it has been thought proper to record them in this connection. The air 
temperatures were all in the shade unless otherwise stated. The instrument used was 
a Wilder protected thermometer. 
Miscellaneous temperatures recorded on the Crater Lake trip, August 13 to 26, 1896. 
2.00 p. m. 
4.00 a. m. 
9.42 a. m. 
11.30 a. m. 
4.40 a. m. 
12.30 p. m. 
.do .... 
....do .... 
do 
...do .... 
2.14 p. m. 
10.20 l 
Hunt’s ranch, 4,400 
feet elevation. 
do 
Camp at Lake of the 
Woods. 
do 
Creek on way to Moun t 
Pitt. 
Spring on creek on 
way to Mount Pitt. 
C amp onsideofMount 
Pitt. 
Summit of Mount Pitt, 
9,760 feet. 
Summit of Mount Pitt, 
9,760 feet, in sun. 
Camp returning from 
Mount Pitt. 
Large spring at Peli- 
can Bay. 
Small spring at Peli- 
can Bay. 
Creek 100 yards helow 
spring at Pelican 
Bay. 
Creek 400 yards below 
spring at Pelican 
Bay. 
Creek at entrance of 
Pelican Bay. 
Air in shade at Peli- 
can Bay. 
do 
Crane Creek camp, 
3,900 feet. 
do 
Creek at Crane Creek 
camp. 
54 
42.75 
43 
43.5 
44. 75 
45.5 
47 
Hour. 
Station. 
5.00 a. m. 
Creek at Crane Creek 
camp. 
....do 
Air at Crane Creek 
camp. 
8.30 a. m. 
Wood River at. bridge. 
6.30 p. m. 
Camp 2J miles from 
Crater Lake, 6,100 
feet. 
5.25 a. m. 
do 
1.20 p. m. 
Camp Mazama, Crater 
Lake, 7,185 feet. 
3.00 p. m. 
Small stream on trail 
down to lake. 
11.00 p. m. 
Camp Mazama 
6.00 a. m. 
do 
12.00 m. 
do 
10.00 p. m. 
do 
6.00 a. m. 
-do 
do 
2.30 p. m. 
do 
8.00 p.m. 
do 
10.20 p. m. 
do 
6.00 a. m. 
do 
9.00 a. m. 
do 
4.00 p.m. 
do 
7.35 a. m. 
.... do 
9.00 a. m. 
Camp Mazama, Cathe- 
dral Spring. 
12.20 p.m. 
Camp Mazama 
3.00 p.m. 
do 
9.00 p. m. 
do 
5.00 a. m. 
do 
9.00 p.m. 
Rogue River camp, 
2,300 feet elevation. 
5.50 a. m. 
Rogue River camp 
9.00 p.m. 
Jackson’sranch camp, 
1,300 feet. 
6.00 a.m. 
Jackson’s ranch camp . 
Life of Grater Lalte . — Crater Lake contains no fishes; lakes without inlets or 
outlets seldom or never do, for fishes naturally get into one body of water only by 
swimming to it from some other body of water with which it is connected. Fishes 
never appear de novo in any lake or stream; if they appear there at all it is because 
they can swim there from some other lake or stream. Breaks in water continuity, or 
even considerable falls, are absolute barriers beyond which fishes can not go. So with 
Crater Lake; it has never had any inlet or visible outlet connecting it with any other 
body of water in which fishes are found and through which fishes might reach it. 
. Mammals and birds excepted, only 3 species of vertebrates were found within-the 
rim of Crater Lake, viz, a snake, a frog, and a salamander. 
The snake is the small-headed striped snake, Thamnophis leptocephalus (Baird & 
Girard). Two specimens were obtained on Wizard Island. It was not seen elsewhere. 
