SALMON INVESTIGATIONS IN COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN IN 1896. 
67 
One frog, 1 tana aurora Baird & Girard, was also obtained on Wizard Island. 
Others were seen about the spring below the camp. The salamander is Amblystoma 
macrodactylum Baird. It is by far the most abundant and most interesting vertebrate 
occurring at Crater Lake. Our first specimens were found on the shore under Bed- 
cloud Cliffs, where we found it to be exceedingly abundant. It was afterwards found 
in considerable numbers along the shore in Eagle Cove and a few were obtained about 
Wizard Island. More than a hundred specimens were collected and many more 
could have been obtained. The majority of the individuals seen were adults, only 4 
or 5 still retaining the external gills were seen. These salamanders were found under 
the rocks just above the edge of the water of the lake. Sometimes as many as a 
dozen or fifteen were found under a single flat stone. These three species are not 
uncommon throughout western Oregon and Washington. 
Invertebrate life was found to be fairly abundant, and a few plants were found. 
By using fine-meshed surface towing nets considerable collections were made. The 
following is a list of the species obtained : 
PLANTS. 
Algol : 
Nostoc sp. ? Colonies common. 
Melosira granulata . Not common. 
Pleurosigma sp. ? Several specimens. 
Surirella sp. 1 Not common. 
ANIMALS. 
Crustacea : 
Cyclops albidus. Not common. 
Cyclops serrulatus. Not common. 
Daphnia pulex pulicaria. Very abundant. 
Allorclxestes dentata. Not common. 
lnsecta : 
Chironomus sp. ? Larvae. Very common. 
Ephemerid larvae. Common. 
Limnophilus or caddis fly. Very abundant. 
These crustaceans and insect larva? are all excellent food for trout, and were found 
in considerable abundance, particularly in Eagle Cove. The small eutomostracan, 
Daphnia pulex pulicaria, was the most abundant species, and large numbers could be 
seen during favorable afternoons swimming at the surface in Eagle Cove. The three 
other species of crustaceans seemed far less abundant. 
Caddis-fly cases were very abundant on the under sides of rocks lying in the edge 
of the water. A small black leech was quite common on the rocks in Eagle Cove and 
about Wizard Island. The small gastropod ( Physa ) was found about Wizard Island 
in limited numbers, a species of water-beetle ( Dytiscus ) was pretty common, and a 
single specimen of Gordius , or hair snake, was found near the shore of the island. 
There are no water-plants of any size in the lake. On the rocks about Wizard 
Island the gelatinous masses of colonies of Nostoc were common. A number of speci 
mens of the diatom, Pleurosigma, were obtained in the towing net, and a few specimens 
of two other algae were secured. 
Summing up the matter, it may be said that while the conditions at Crater Lake 
are not the most favorable to fish-life, there seems to be no reason why trout in limited 
numbers might not thrive in it. The water is all that could be desired as to purity 
and temperature, but the depth is so uniformly great that only small areas of bottom 
suitable for spawning-beds are found. The entire absence of all other fish -life and the 
ANIMALS— Continued. 
lnsecta — Continued. 
Laccophilus larva?. Not common. 
Deronectes striatellus. Common. 
Dytiscus sp. ? Not rare. 
Vermes : 
Gordius sp. ? One specimen obtained. 
A species of leech. Not common. 
Mollusca : 
Physa sp. ? Not common. 
Batrachia: 
Amblystoma macrodactylum. 
Rana aurora. 
Reptilia : 
Thamnopliis leptocephalus. 
