304 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
todes protruding their heads two or three centimeters from the mucous membrane, into which they 
would rapidly withdraw when touched. It was then noticed that they were in the vicinity of swollen 
masses, apparently cysts in the stomach wall. An examination of one of these revealed a large nemo 
tode coiled up in this living nest, not encysted, but able to leave the nest whenever occasion 
demanded. The mucous membrane was dissected away from one of these worms, showing that it was 
coiled up in the submucosa (tig. 116). Around it, for a space some 3 cm. square, the tissues wore highly 
inflamed and filled with extravasated blood. Pus was also observed in at least one of these cavities, 
occupied by a nematode. 
Although the worms arc not completely encysted there is evidently a considerable accumulation 
of connective tissues in the submucosa in the vicinity of these nests. Communication seems to be 
maintained by the worm between the crypt and the lumen of the stomach. 
This habit of making a nest for itself in the stomach wall of its host is certainly an unusual one, 
and for the comfort of a groaning and travailing creation it is to bo hoped that there are few parallel 
cases in nature. 
Ichthyonema sanguineum Kudolphi ( ?). 
[Plato 43, figs. 120-121, U. S. N. M. No. 6535.] 
A single example of a blood-red nematode from the inside of the cheek of a flounder ( Paralichthys 
dentatus), where it was partly embedded, appears to be near to or identical with Ichthyonema sanguin- 
eum. The llesh of the host was much inllamed in the vicinity of the worm. The specimen proved 
to be a female and was crowded with young. The latter are very minute, one end blunt, the other 
exceedingly attenuate. I have not examined the young of this genus with great care, although I have 
collected them at different times. In my notes I find that I have been calling the attenuate end the 
anterior, but since this is contrary to authorities on this subject I have probably been in error. My 
notes made at the time of collecting would appear to state that the progressive motion of these worms 
is in the direction of the smaller end. 
The body of the adult is linear and narrows rather abruptly at the anterior end. The head 
bears four broad lobes or flat surfaces, each of which carries two papillae. The oesophagus, at first 
slender, enlarges gradually to a point a little behind the middle of its length, whence it maintains 
about the same diameter to its rounded base. The intestine at its beginning is but little larger in 
diameter than the oesophagus. A slender anterior portion of the ovary is seen lying beside and across 
the oesophagus. The uterus is very spacious. The sections of the anterior cnol which were made 
show considerable variation in the relative dimensions of uterus auol intestine. In most of tho sec- 
tions tho uterus occupies far the greater part of the booty cavity, and is tilled with the young, of 
which thero is an immense number. Near the posterior enol the diameter increases anol the posterior 
end is bluntly rounded. 
The following olimensions, in millimeters, are of tho preserved specimen: Length 30: diameter 
of head 0.23; length of oesophagus 1.14; diameter of oesophagus, anterior 0.1, posterior 0.17; greatest 
oliauieter (specimen somewhat flattened) 1 ; diameter near posterior cud 0.85. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
a. Acetabulum. 
i. Intestine. 
t. Testis. 
c. Cirrus. 
o. Ovary. 
u. Uterus. 
e. Ova. 
p. Prostate gland. 
vd. Yas deferens. 
cp. Cirrus pouch. 
ph. Pharynx. 
vg . Vitelline gland. 
ex. Excretory vessel. 
sr. Seminal receptacle. 
yd. Vitelline duct. 
g. Genital aperture. 
sv. Seminal vesicle. 
The figures have been reduced about one-tiftli. 
