JAPANESE OYSTER-CULTURE. 
29 
of figs. 20 and 21 are specialized for shallow water, and that of fig. 22 to a rapid 
current. In such clumps branching shibi frequently occur, and in this event the 
tips of the stalks are more apt to diverge than in Kaida (contrast figs. 23 and 24), 
Pig. 19.— Diagram of oyster farm in which shibi are planted in rows parallel and at right angles to shore line. 
another adaptation to more rapid current. In general the bases of the component 
shibi are implanted about a foot. Thus made the toya remain in position for about 
two years. 
Fig. 20. — Arrangement of collectors in clumps, dotted parallel to the shore, leaving straight shoreward alleyways 
between. Clumps 3 or i feet apart, arranged for sluggish current, the direction of the latter denoted by an arrow. 
( b ) In the next deeper zone, typical toya-ba, the grouping of shibi becomes 
more massive, and when at low tide this region is exposed (10 to 15 feet is the tide 
fall) one sees them in long rows which suggest diminutive haycocks. An excellent 
idea of such toya-ba is had in plate 5. Closer inspection shows that each toya is 
