NATURAL HISTORY OF THE QUINNAT SALMON. 
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there were 2 each, and in the others there were 3, 58, 92, and 107, respectively. 
If they died immediately after spawning the last ovum we would not have found 
such a large proportion of live specimens completely spawned out; and if spawning 
completely exhausted them we would not have found them on riffles hut in the 
more quiet water. In one instance when only one female was taken she was 
entirely spawned out and had been seen spawning just before the seine was hauled. 
Of course, it is possible that the last ova were spawned just before hauling the 
seine, but in any case the fish was far from being in a dying condition. (See plate 
16 and fig. A, plate 15.) 
Spent salmon . — A few sample field notes on the condition of spent salmon found 
dead at Battle Creek in 1900 are here given. Several hundred similar specimens 
were examined during the season. 
The following notes refer to spent females : 
September 30. Nearly spawned out. Numerous parasites (copepods) and a small patch of 
fungus on each gill. Top of head without fungus, but with skin worn off. No fungus on body. 
Fins and skin in good condition. 
October 10. But two eggs left in body cavity. Gills about one-fourth covered with fungus; 
several gill parasites. Skin worn off caudal fin and the rays about half worn off. 
October 15. All but 10 eggs spawned. Died in shallow water. Caudal fin entirely worn off, 
but fish otherwise in good condition. But little fungus. Gills but slightly injured. 
October 26. Entirely spawned out, except 2 eggs yet attached to ovary. Half of caudal fin 
worn off evenly; other fins in good condition. Gills one-third destroyed. Small patches of fungus 
in various places on body. One eye blinded. 
N ovember 1 . Specimens Nos. 2 and 3 from the river were of the same length. No. 2 had spawned 
all but 92 eggs, and No. 3 all but 442. No. 3 weighed 900 grams more than No. 2. The skin was 
entirely worn off the caudal fin of No. 2, and the rays half worn off. Caudal fin of No. 3 in good 
condition. 
The following notes refer to spent males: 
November 5. Badly scarred, one eye blinded, skin worn off edges of fins and jaws. Another 
specimen, not badly scarred, blind in both eyes, skin worn off snout and edges of fins. 
November 6. Skin and flesh worn off in several places behind dorsal and on tail nearly to back- 
bone; skin worn off edges of fins, jaws, and the whole snout; both eyes blinded; gill filaments 
half destroyed by fungus and parasites. 
November 10. One eye blinded; much scarred; little fungus. Another specimen, blind in both 
eyes; skin worn off jaws and edges of fins; skin dead all over tail and caudal fin; nearly every gill 
filament with one or more parasitic copepods, and many sloughed off for one-third their length. 
Diseases of intestine . — The intestine of the spawning salmon is frequently 
inhabited by tapeworms, which sometimes completely fill it and extend into the cmca, 
but I have never found them in the stomach. They were much more abundant in 
1898 than in 1900. In addition to the tapeworms the intestine, especially posteriorly, 
is filled with a viscid, greenish yellow fluid. No examination of this has been made, 
but it is probably formed by the disintegration of the lining of the intestine, a 
catarrhal desquamation such as has been found in the Scottish salmon. 
Fungus . — Fungus as related to salmon deserves special investigation. Nearly 
all the salmon that reach the vicinity of Battle Creek fishery during September and 
October become affected with fungus, which grows in velvety patches on various parts 
of the body. The points most commonly affected are the top of the head, the gills, 
fins, and eyes. Of 31 specimens noted on the racks at Battle Creek fishery during 
October 16, 17, and 18, 1900, 5 were blind in both eyes and 14 others blind in one ej r e, 
as a result of fungus. 
